【作者】 黄卫东；

【导师】 丁秋林；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 面对复杂多变的市场环境,企业需要创建持续的竞争优势。需求驱动的管理、不断创新的产品,是企业核心竞争力的关键,而整合这些要素需要快速响应的产品设计管理体系。以信息技术为支撑,迅速把握复杂多变的市场需求,构建应对多型号产品设计需求的柔性过程管理机制;通过有效的门径管理制度,对多型号项目进行抉择和优先级分配;通过资源管理,提升企业整体的产品研发效率;通过有效的知识共享和知识重用,改善多型号项目管理中的产品设计周期、设计成本和设计创新性。结合某大型研究所并行工程背景,论文研究了多型号产品协同设计管理中的若干关键技术,包括产品协同设计管理的柔性过程建模、多型号产品协同设计项目的门径管理和资源管理、基于环境感知的产品设计知识管理等,给出了基于柔性工作流的多型号产品设计管理系统的原型(Flexible Workflow Product Design Management System, FWPDS)。论文主要研究内容如下:⑴提出了多型号产品协同设计管理框架,给出了原型系统实现。结合企业(研究所)产品设计的持续性和多型号并存等特点,针对多型号产品研发中的异步、协同、组合管理和知识重用等问题,提出了产品协同设计管理框架,框架包含四个层次:产品战略规划;以产品设计为中心的柔性流程管理;以项目为中心的资源调度组合管理;以知识共享和重用为基础的设计知识管理等。在此基础上,引入面向服务架构(SOA)和工作流引擎技术,完成产品协同设计管理框架的企业部署、配置和资源平衡,构建了具有良好集成性和重用性的FWPDS原型系统。⑵提出了基于变结构Petri网的产品设计动态变更算法。多型号产品协同设计过程建模,不仅需要解决流程的表达和性能分析,而且要解决应对流程适应性的过程柔性。据此,在对产品协同设计过程映射进行表达,柔性流程进行描述的基础上,探讨产品协同设计任务的并行性以及并行任务的分解与分配方法,运用基于设计结构矩阵DSM的设计任务规划、任务排序、任务解耦算法,解决了并行递进迭代的产品设计问题。针对多型号产品协同设计的柔性,拓展了基于变结构Petri网的柔性过程建模技术,并结合产品设计过程中的动态变更,提出了基于变结构Petri网的产品设计动态变更算法。⑶提出了基于能力调度和任务委派的多型号项目管理资源调度算法。从企业研发的整体绩效出发,针对多型号项目管理中的抉择控制、优先级分配和资源动态调度等问题,引入基于资源能力配置和动态调度的门径管理技术,运用基于期权定价理论的决策树方法进行项目评价。研究了产品协同设计中多型号项目的集成资源管理模式,其主要内容包括:资源分配管理、资源能力计划和项目资源需求计划管理。针对多型号项目之间的资源调度,在定义序偶、行偶及其亏值概念的基础上,提出了基于能力调度和任务委派的多型号项目管理资源调度算法。与传统算法相比较,随着项目和任务节点数的增多,有更佳的时间性能和优化结果。⑷提出了基于知识需求的产品设计知识检索算法。针对产品设计过程中的知识共享和知识重用,阐述了产品设计知识获取和知识共享研究中存在的问题,研究了设计知识的组织及领域知识的本体表达。结合知识情境,引入用户轮廓的描述方法,用于有效描述用户(设计人员)的个性化信息需求。通过ART-2神经网络机制,对设计案例进行多级组织,提出了基于案例推理(CBR)的知识检索算法,并通过应用实验,验证了该算法的实用性和有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the face of the complex and ever-changing market environment, enterprises need to establish sustainable competitive advantage. The core competitiveness of enterprises is composed by these fators: requirement-driven management, constantly innovative products. Integration of those factors need the product design management system based on quick response. With information technology as the foundation, complex and ever-changing market requirement is grasped quickly; the mechanism of flexible process management is built for requirement of multi-model products design. With effective stage-gate system, projects of multi-model products design are choiced and priorities assigned, and product development efficiency of enterprises overall is enhanced through resource management. At the same time, through effective knowledge-sharing and knowledge reuse, the product design cycle, design costs and design innovation are improved in projects management of multi-model products design.Based on concurrent engineering of a large-scale Institute, a number of key technologies have been researched about management of multi-model collaborative products design. They include flexible process modeling for the management of collaborative product design, and stage-gate management and resource management of projects for collaborative product design, and knowledge management of product design based on environment sensation. Models of flexible workflow product design management system (FWPDS) are given.The main study contents are as follows:⑴Management framework of multi-model products collaborative design is proposed, and prototype system is implemented. Combining the sustainability and the models coexist in enterprises (Institute) product design, we study asynchronous, collaboration, knowledge reuse, and portfolio management in multi-model products R & D. On this basis, management framework of multi-model products collaborative design is proposed. The framework contains four levels: product strategy planning; flexible process management for products design; portfolio management of scheduling the resources for project; design knowledge management for knowledge sharing and reuse. Based on SOA framework and workflow engine technology, enterprise deployment, configuration and resource leveling are finished in framework of multi-model products collaborative design. Prototype system of FWPDS is built with good integrating and reusing.⑵The product design algorithm of dynamically change based on Petri net with changeable structure is proposed. Modeling of multi-model products collaborative design process, need to address not only the process expression and performance analysis, but also to address the process adaptation and flexibility. Accordingly, on the basis of expression for process mapping of collaborative product design, and description for flexible process, we discuss parallelism of collaborative design tasks, as well as decomposition and allocation methods of the parallel tasks, and take algorithms of planning, sequencing, and decoupling for design tasks based on the design structure matrix DSM to solve product design issues about the parallel progressive iterative. Aimed at flexibility of multi-model products collaborative design, we expand modeling techniques of flexible process based on Petri net with changeable structure. Conbined dynamic change of products design process, we propose the product design algorithm of dynamically change based on Petri net with changeable structure.⑶The resources scheduled algorithm of multi-model products project management based on the ability scheduling and task appointed is proposed. According to overall performance of enterprises R & D, we analyse issues of choice in the control, distribution of priority, and resources dynamic scheduled in project management for multi-model products design. We take stage-gate management technology based on resource capacity allocation and dynamic scheduling, and take decision-making tree method with option pricing to evaluate projects. We study mode of integrated resource management in project management for multi-model products collaborative design. Main contents of the mode include: the resources allocation management, resources capacity planning and plan management for project resources requirement. According to the concept of ordinal even lose and line even lose, we propose the resources scheduled algorithm of multi-model products project management based on the ability scheduling and task appointed. With increase of the number of projects and tasks, there is a better time performance and optimization results.⑷Knowledge retrieval algorithms of products design for knowledge needs are proposed. For knowledge sharing and reuse in products design process, we describe problems on product design knowledge acquisition and sharing, and study ontology of organization of design knowledge and expression of knowledge in the field. Combining knowledge context, we take description methods of user profile to describe effectively personalized information needs of users (designers). With ART-2 mechanism, multi-level of the design cases are organized, knowledge retrieval algorithms of case-based reasoning are proposed, and practicality and effectiveness are verifid with the application experiment.更多还原