【作者】 张文政；

【导师】 杨建新；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民族学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 社会流动是重要的一种社会现象,指人们在社会关系空间中从一个位置向另一个位置的移动。当前在西北少数民族地区,乡村社会流动主要表征为劳动力的外出务工经商等非农性就业行为。就流动的量而言,呈现出汹涌之势;就流动的质来看,尚存诸多不合理之处。频繁的社会流动也产生了许多的影响,研究社会流动的后果一直是国内外学界十分关注的课题,特别是在新的社会发展阶段,对西北少数民族地区乡村社会流动后果的研究,有助于引导该地区乡村社会流动的合理、有序运行和实现区域乃至城乡协调发展,因此具有重要的现实和深远的理论意义。本论文以甘青宁为研究重点,通过对民族地区的乡村社会流动现象进行实证研究,运用人类学、社会学、民族学和人口学的理论和方法,分析了乡村社会流动对流出地和流入地产生的经济后果、政治后果、文化后果和社会后果。在分析中,试图扭转许多对于乡村社会流动的偏见,客观、辩证地分析其正向和负向后果、显性和隐性后果。研究认为,西北少数民族地区乡村内社会流动对流入地和流出地工业化和城市化产生巨大推力的同时,也造成流出地农业从业群体弱化、新农村建设主体萎缩等问题;在外出流动中,农村劳动力在见识增长、能力提高的同时,因自身素质的比较劣势和社会固有的制度壁垒,造成政治利益难以保障、身份地位转化滞后等问题;社会流动过程中,多元民族文化互动增多,使得乡村社会成员的婚姻家庭及教育等观念的变迁加快,同时也因主体蚀化使得传统文化承继问题凸现;流动劳动力因生活的不确定,很难产生对城市社区的认同。诸多方面显示,对于西北少数民族地区来说,乡村社会流动是一把双刃剑,引导社会合理、有序进行是必要且重要的,其合理的取向应定位在社会主义新农村建设和城乡统筹、协调发展上来。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social mobility is a very essential social phenomenon,which refers to people’s social relationship moves from one place to another.Currently,in the minority areas of the Northwest of China,the major of the migrating population in villages are the labors going out for business or to work as migrant workers,or in other such fields.As for the quantity of the migrating population,it has an increasing trend;as for the quality of the migrating population,there are still many problems existing.The frequent migrating population also brings many influences to our society,thus to study the outcomes of the migration of population is always the key issue for some scholars domestic or abroad,especially,in a new phrase of the social development,the study of migrating population in the minority villages of the Northwest of China will help guide the migration of population to be reasonable and orderly,even lead to a harmonious development among regions,between urban areas and rural areas.Therefore,such a study is significant.In this dissertation,the author focuses on Gansu,Qinghai and Ningxia Provinces,through empirical researches on migration phenomenon in minority rural areas,the author analyses the economic,politic,cultural and social outcomes of the migration,in the theories and methods of anthropology,sociology,ethnology and demology.In the analysis,the author also tries to retort some biases towards rural migration and objectively analyses the positive and negative outcomes, as well as the obvious and potential outcomes.In the research,the author finds out that the migrating population of the rural areas in Northwest of China offers great help to the industrialization and urbanization of the immigrating and emigrating areas,meanwhile,it also decreases the number of agricultural labors and main body of "New countryside" building in emigrating areas;when they are emigrating,rural labors increase their experience and abilities,but on the other hand,they are suffering the problems of politics privileges,identity transformation for their inferior qualification,and the existing policies blockades. In the process of the migration,the interactive communications among multi-nationalities become more frequent,which changes the concepts of marriage,family,and education among the rural members,at the same time,the changes of them also give prominence to the passing of traditional cultures;for the instability of their life,the migrating people cannot identify themselves with the urban communities.All of these illustrate that migrating population in the rural areas in Northwest of China is a double-edged blade,therefore,to guide the migration to develop reasonably and orderly is essential,which should as well be oriented to the structure of the "Socialism New Countryside" and the harmonious development between urban and rural areas.更多还原