【作者】 潘少伟；

【导师】 杨少春；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 地质资源与地质工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文以多年注水开发的江苏油田庄2断块和胜坨油田一区为例,通过综合应用多学科的理论、方法和技术和最大限度的利用计算机手段,来研究不同开发阶段地下储层参数的变化规律及变化机理,在此基础上建立不同开发阶段储层参数的三维地质模型和微观剩余油的仿真模型,从而揭示油藏中剩余油的形成机理与分布规律,为油田进一步提高采收率服务。取得的主要成果如下:(1)通过对不同开发阶段取心井的物性分析资料和其它井的测井解释数据进行统计与分析,揭示了储层宏观参数的动态变化规律,即伴随着注水开发,孔隙度和渗透率总体上表现出一定程度的增大趋势,而含油饱和度则表现出明显的减小趋势。(2)提出了一种建立储层四维地质模型的新方法,即首先利用粒子群算法优化的BP神经网络建立起井点储层参数的预测模型,通过该模型来求取未来的井点储层参数,得到井点储层参数的四维数据体;然后利用随机建模中的序贯指示模拟方法建立沉积微相模型,在沉积微相控制下利用序贯高斯模拟方法建立储层参数的三维地质模型,通过实现不同开发阶段的三维地质模型来最终获得储层参数的四维地质模型。(3)建立起特高含水期油田的四维地质模型。针对特高含水期油田综合含水率高、开发状况复杂等特点,将其开发过程划分成开发初期、中高含水期和特高含水期三个阶段,利用取心井物性分析资料建立起不同开发阶段的测井解释模型,求取不同开发阶段的井点储层参数,并通过线性回归的方式建立起井点储层参数预测模型,得到井点储层参数的四维数据体,之后利用Petrel软件建立起不同开发阶段的三维地质模型,最终实现特高含水期油田的四维地质模型。(4)以江苏油田庄2断块阜一段、阜二段中孔低渗油藏和胜坨油田一区沙二段高孔高渗油藏为例,对其不同的构造特征、沉积特征、储层特征、开发状况、储层宏观参数的动态变化规律等进行了对比与分析。并在对比与分析的基础上,对两种不同的四维建模方法在这两个研究区的应用进行了评价,证实了针对不同研究区域采用不同建模方法的合理性。(5)对储层岩矿特征、成岩作用和孔隙类型及孔隙结构进行了综合分析。在此基础上,研究了岩石骨架场、孔喉网络场、粘土矿物和渗流场在不同开发阶段的变化规律,并指出油藏开发流体动力地质作用是导致储层微观参数发生变化的主要原因,最后建立起不同开发阶段孔喉半径的频率分布直方图,实现了储层的微观四维模型。(6)通过观察镜下薄片获得岩样微观孔隙的发育状况,以此为依据制作了微观孔隙结构的仿真模型,利用该模型来进行微观剩余油物理模拟实验,在实验过程中观察了大孔中喉、中孔中喉和小孔细喉三种不同类型孔喉结构的驱替特征。(7)以渗流力学理论中的泊肃叶定律为指导,利用先进的计算机图像处理技术和三维数据场视化技术,在充分借鉴仿真技术已有研究成果的基础上,紧密结合油田的注水开发特征,建立起微观水驱油的动态仿真模型。(8)通过自主编程,实现了粒子群优化的BP神经网络算法、随机建模中的序贯指示模拟和序贯高斯模拟算法,得到了一个能够建立储层四维地质模型的软件模块。更多还原

【Abstract】 The variation and mechanism of reservoir properties in different stages of development in Z2 block of Jiangsu Oilfield and Shengtuo Oilfield are generally studied by applying synthetically multi-subject theories, methods and technologies and making full use of computer. And the 3 dimensional reservoir model in different stages of development is set up, which can reveal the formation mechanism and distribution of the remaining oil. And the distribution pattern of the remaining oil that will lift the recovery ratio of oilfield is built.The paper achieved some innovational scientific payoffs. Main achievements of the study are summarized as following:(1)The variation of macroscopic parameter is that the porosity and permeability are increasing while the oil saturation is decreasing totally with flood development, which is obtained by counting and analyzing the information of cored well in different stages of development and log interpretation of other wells.(2)A new method of building 4 dimensional reservoir model is proposed. Firstly, the forecasting model of reservoir parameter of well point is built by using the back propagation neural networks improved by the particle swarm optimization, and the forward reservoir parameter is obtained by it, then the 4 dimensional data is set up. Secondly, the precipitation facies model is built by Sequential Indicator Simulation of stochastic modeling, and then the 3 dimensional reservoir model is built with Sequential Gaussian Simulation under the control of the precipitation facies. At last, the 4 dimensional reservoir model is set up by building the 3 dimensional reservoir model in different stages of development.(3)The development history of the production tail oilfield is divided into 3 stages according to the high water content ratio and the complicated water/oil bed. Then the log interpretation model is built in different stages of development with the ample knowledge of core well, and then the 4 dimensional data of reservoir parameter is obtained. At last, the 4 dimensional reservoir model of the production tail oilfield is set up by building the 3 dimensional reservoir model in different stages of development with PETREL.(4)The structural attitude, deposition, reservoir, development history and the changing rule of the reservoir macroscopic parameter of Z2 block of Jiangsu Oilfield and Shengtuo Oilfield are compared. Based on this, it is generally evaluated that the 4 dimensional reservoir model in different area is built with two different methods.(5)The feature of rock and mineral, diagenism, pore and pore structure are generally evaluated, based on which, the changing rule of the rock skeleton, pore throat, clay mineral and infiltrating fluid in different stages of development is analyzed. And it is the acting force of the developing fluid that make the reservoir macroscopic parameter change. At last, the histogram of the radius of pore throat in different stages is built.(6)The composition of microscopic pore of rock specimen is obtained by observing the thin slice, and the realistic models of microscopic pore that are used of physical experiment of microscopic remaining oil are made. During this experiment, the displacement feature of three kinds pore throats is observed.(7) According to the particular development feature of the oilfield, based on the existent technology of imitation, and directed by the Poiseuille’s law, the dynamic imitation model of microscopic displacement of oil by water is built by using the advanced technology of computer simulation and 3 dimension display.(8)The back propagation neural networks improved by the particle swarm optimization, the method of Sequential Indicator Simulation and the Sequential Gaussian Simulation are achieved by designing procedure. At last, a software module that can build a 4 dimensional reservoir model is obtained.更多还原