【作者】 马文秀；

【导师】 裴桂芬；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 世界经济， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文系统研究了战后日美贸易摩擦与日本产业结构调整的关系,分析了日本应对日美贸易摩擦的主要对策及其对缓解贸易摩擦和促进日本产业结构调整的效果,指出：战后日美贸易摩擦与日本产业结构有很强的相关性。一方面,日本以机械工业为主体、高度依赖对外贸易的全套型产业结构导致了对美国出口激增,出口激增成为引发日美贸易摩擦的导火索,且贸易摩擦随着日本产业结构的升级而不断激化；另一方面,日本为化解贸易摩擦而采取的自愿出口限制、对外直接投资、日元升值和扩大国内需求等对策又促进了日本产业结构升级。全文包括绪论、正文和结束语三部分,正文分上下两篇,共7章。上篇包括第1、2、3章,论述日本产业结构如何引发日美贸易摩擦。第1、2章分别阐述了战后日本产业结构的演变与特征、对外贸易结构的演变与特征,指出,战后日本经过高速增长时期,形成了几乎拥有各具优势的所有产业的全套型产业结构,产业结构具有以机械工业为主体、高度依赖对外贸易特别是依赖美国贸易的突出特征；建立在产业结构基础之上的日本对外贸易结构具有典型的垂直分工贸易特点,出口收入弹性远高于进口收入弹性、产业间贸易发达而产业内贸易落后。第3章从实证和理论两方面论述了日本产业结构引发日美贸易摩擦的机理,具体传导机制是：日本特殊的产业结构导致了对美国出口产品激增,迫使美国进行结构调整,出现调整费用问题,由此引发了日美贸易摩擦；而且日本产业结构的升级导致了日美贸易摩擦的激化,表现在随着产业结构的升级,日美贸易摩擦的范围逐渐扩大,焦点趋向高附加价值化和高技术化,解决手段由进出口调整转向经济制度协调。下篇论述日本化解日美贸易摩擦的主要对策及其对缓解日美贸易摩擦和促进日本产业结构调整的作用,包括第4、5、6、7章,这四章分别从理论和实际效果两个方面,具体阐述了自愿出口限制、对外直接投资、日元升值和扩大国内需求等四项对策对缓解日美贸易摩擦和促进日本产业结构调整的作用,得出的结论是：自愿出口限制在一定程度上起到了缓解日美贸易摩擦的作用,但美国消费者却承受了很大损失,自愿出口限制提高了日本的出口产品质量,促使美国的进口需求转向了高质量产品,从而促进了日本出口产品质量升级；日元升值未能达到理论上所预期的缓解日美贸易摩擦的效果,日元升值和日美贸易顺差增加并存,但是,日元升值提高了日本产业的竞争力,促使日本进出口商品结构发生了变化,推进了日本第三产业的发展；日本的对外直接投资,起到了缓解日美贸易摩擦的作用,但引发了日美投资摩擦,日本的对外直接投资在促进日本产业结构调整的同时,也导致了日本产业结构的空洞化；日本的扩大内需,起到了缓解日美贸易摩擦的作用,促进了日本产业结构优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper focuses on discussing the relevance between the post-war Japan-US trade friction and Japanese industrial structure adjustment, and analyses the main measures which Japan has taken to deal with the Japan-US trade friction and their effects to alleviate the Japan-US trade friction and promote the adjustment of the Japanese industrial structure. It points out that there was a strong correlation between the post-war Japan-US trade friction and Japanese industrial structure. On the one hand, the machinery industry was the mainstay of Japan and was highly dependent on foreign trade, which leads to the exportation to the United States surged. This surging exportation caused the Japan-US trade friction, and the friction continued to be worse with the upgrading of Japanese industrial structure. On the other hand, the measures, taken to mitigate the trade friction by Japan, such as voluntary export restraints, foreign direct investment, appreciation of the yen and expansion of domestic demand, improved Japan’s industrial structure escalation.The paper includes introduction, text and conclusion; the text consists of two parts in seven chapters.Part 1 covering chapter 1,2,3, discusses how Japanese industrial structure caused Japan-US trade friction. Chapter 1,2, expound on the evolution and features of Japanese post-war industrial structure and the structure of its foreign trade. They point out that, with the rapid economic growth after war, Japan formed a full set of industrial structure including all industries with different advantages. The machinery industry was the mainstay in Japanese industrial structure, which is highly dependent on foreign trade, especially on trade with the United States, which was the highlighted feature. Based on the foundation of Japanese industrial structure, the structure of its foreign trade had a typical feature of the vertical division of labor. That is the export income elasticity far exceeds the income elasticity of imports, inter-industry trade was developed and intra-industry trade was backward. Chapter 3 discusses the mechanism by which the Japanese industrial structure caused Japan-US trade friction from both empirical and theoretical exposition. The specific transmission mechanism is:Japanese industrial structure led to the exportation to the United States surged, this forced the United States to carry out structural adjustment and pay to the cost, which triggered the Japan-US trade friction;The advance of Japanese industrial structure led to the escalation of Japan-US trade friction, its performance is along with the advance of Japanese industrial structure, the scope of Japan-US trade friction gradually expanded and the focus turned to high value-added and high-tech, the problems were resolved by the economic system coordination, but not the import and export adjustment any more.Part 2 including chapter 4,5,6,7, discusses the effects of the measures which were taken by Japan to alleviate the Japan-US trade friction and promote the adjustment of the Japanese industrial structure. The four chapters expound the effects of different measures, including voluntary export restraints, foreign direct investment, appreciation of the yen and the expansion of domestic demand, to ease the Japan-US trade friction and promote the adjustment of the Japanese industrial structure from the theoretical and practical aspects. The analysis comes to the conclusion that:the voluntary restriction of export played a mitigation on the Japan-US trade friction to a certain extent, but American consumers had to bear a great loss. Voluntary export restrains raised the quality of Japanese export products, but prompted the United States’s import demand in the high-quality products so as to promote the upgrading of the quality of exporting products from Japan. Appreciation of the yen failed to achieve the theoretically expected effects easing of Japan-US trade friction, and digital observation showed appreciation of the yen and the Japan-US trade surplus increased and coexisted. But the yen’s appreciation has increased the competitiveness of Japanese industry, and prompted the changes of the structure of Japanese import and export, and promoted the development of Japanese service industry. Japan’s foreign direct investment had eased Japan-US trade friction, but caused the friction of investment. The Japanese foreign direct investment promoted the adjustment of industrial structure in Japan, but led to the hollowing-out Japanese industrial structure at the same time. Japan expanded the domestic demand to alleviate the trade friction between Japan and the United States and promoted the Japanese optimization of the industrial structure.更多还原