【作者】 彭新辉；

【导师】 周清明； 周冀衡；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 烟草科学与工程技术， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 土壤和气候是影响烤烟质量的主要生态因素。湖南三大烟区均是全国重要的优质特色烟产区之一,它们各自有着不同的土壤和气候条件,所产烟叶品质稍有异同。深入开展土壤和气候条件与湖南烟叶品质关系的研究,阐明影响湖南优质烟区烤烟品质的关键生态因子,对进一步完善湖南烤烟种植区划和生产技术体系,提高烟叶品质,促进湖南烟草的可持续发展都具有十分重要的意义。为此,2006-2007年在湘西北(桑植)、湘南(永州)和湘中(浏阳)三个典型植烟生态区,采用本土和客土盆栽试验方法,研究了土壤、气候及其互作对湖南优质烟区烤烟17个品质指标的影响。主要结果如下：1.在相同土壤条件下,气候对烟叶物理性状、正反面色差、主要化学成分、挥发性致香物含量和感官评吸质量有明显影响；在相同气候条件下,土壤对烟叶上述品质性状的影响较小；土壤和气候互作对烟叶上述品质性状有一定影响。2.偏ETa~2值分析结果表明,气候对湖南烟区烤烟品质的影响最大,其次为土壤与气候的互作,土壤对烟叶品质的影响较小。气候、土壤及其互作对湖南烤烟品质总变异的贡献率分别为52.4%、17.2%和30.4%。3.灰色关联分析结果表明,湖南烟叶品质性状不同,与其相关性较大的亚自然生态因子也不同。与烟叶物理性状相关性较大的亚生态因子主要是伸根期的10cm地温、辐射总量和昼夜温差,旺长期的10cm地温,成熟期的10cm地温等；与烟叶正反面色差相关性较大的亚生态因子主要是伸根期的蒸发量、旺长期的蒸发量、昼夜温差、日照时数与成熟期的蒸发量等；与烟叶主要化学成分相关性较大的亚生态因子主要是伸根期的日照时数与蒸发量、成熟期的昼夜温差和相对湿度,土壤速效钾等；与烟叶挥发性致香物相关性较大的亚生态因子主要是旺长期的昼夜温差与气压,成熟期的气压、辐射总量和气温,土壤有效铁、有效铜等。4.综上所述,在湖南优质烟区,气候对烟叶品质的影响最大,其次为土壤与气候的互作,土壤的影响较小；气候是影响湖南优质烟区烟叶质量的主要因素。在完善湖南烤烟种植区划和制定各产区烟叶生产技术方案时,应充分考虑各地的生态条件、特别是气候因素对烤烟品质的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil and climate are the main ecological factors that affect the quality of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). All three typical tobacco regions, which locate in northwestern, southern and middle part of Hunan province, with different soil and climatic conditions are among the important regions with characteristic high-quality tobacco in China, but there are slight differences of quality of tobacco leaf among them. To enhance the research on the relationship between tobacco quality and soil or climatic factors and especially to clarify which is the key ecological factors in affecting the quality of flue-cured tobacco from soil or climate are of great significance on doing better in the regionalization and production technology system of flue-cured tobacco, further improving the quality of tobacco leaves and promoting sustainable development of tobacco industry in Hunan. Therefore, the influences on 17 quality indexes of flue-cured tobacco in Hunan high-quality tobacco regions were talked about by soil, climate and its interaction in 2006-2007 years with pot experiment method by using native soil and imported soil at each trial point which are in Sangzhi, Yongzhou and Liuyang county which representing three tobacco regions above in Hunan region, respectively. The main results are as follows:1. The influences of the climate factor under the same soil conditions on the physical properties, the color difference between opposite leaves, the main chemical components, the main volatile aroma components and sensory quality of tobacco leaves were greater than those of the soil factor under the same climatic conditions. And there were some influences of the interaction of soil and climate on the above quality indexes of tobacco leaves.2. The analysis by partial ETa2 value indicated that the influences of the climate factor on the flue-cured tobacco quality in Hunan region were strongest, followed of the interaction of soil and climate. The influences of the soil factor were least significant. The contribution to total variation rate of flue-cured tobacco quality caused by the climate, the soil and its interaction in Hunan region were followed as 52.4%, 17.2% and 30.4%, respectively.3. The analysis by gray correlation degree showed that the sub--cological factors which are closely relative to different quality properties of tobacco leaves in Hunan were different. The main sub-ecological factors which were related closely to the physical properties of tobacco leaves were 10cm ground temperature, quantity of solar radiation and diurnal temperature variance at rooting stage,10cm ground temperature both at vigorous growth stage and mature stage, etc. Those to the color difference between opposite tobacco leaves were quantity of evaporation at rooting stage, diurnal temperature variance, quantity of evaporation and sunshine hours at vigorous growth stage, quantity of evaporation at mature stage, etc. Those to the main chemical components of tobacco leaves were sunshine hours and quantity of evaporation at rooting stage, diurnal temperature variance and relative humidity at mature stage as well as available potassium in soil, etc. And those to the main volatile aroma substances of tobacco leaves were diurnal temperature variance and air pressure at vigorous growth stage, air pressure, quantity of solar radiation and air temperature at mature stage as well as available iron and available copper in soil, and so on.4. It was obvious that the greatest strength on the flue-cured tobacco quality in Hunan high-quality tobacco regions was by climate factor, next was by the interaction between soil and climate, the last was by soil factor. In a word, climate was the main factor that impacted on the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Hunan high-quality tobacco regions. So the influences on the tobacco quality of local ecological conditions, especially climate factor, should be fully taken account of in making the regionalization of Hunan tobacco perfectly and in establishing tobacco production technology projects.更多还原