王先谦的外国史地著作述论

【作者】 程天芹；

【导师】 邹振环；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 历史文献学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 晚清,研究外国成为一个重要趋势。王先谦晚年完成了三部外国史地著作:《日本源流考》、《五洲地理志略》、《外国通鉴》。首先,对《日本源流考》王先谦列出篇名的引用之处详细统计,发现共达3205处,涉及111个篇目、39种书。《大日本史》、《和汉年契》、《日本外史》、《日本国志》、《四裔编年表》这五种书组成了《日本源流考》的主体资料;并得出《日本源流考》是以日本史籍为最主要资料的结论。讨论了《日本源流考》与《日本国志》的关系。其次,探讨了王先谦的未刊稿本《外国通鉴》的成书过程。把二十二卷的影印本《外国通鉴稿》称为“草稿本”,把藏于北京大学图书馆的三十三卷的《西国通鉴二次稿》称为“完善稿”。通过对二十二卷《外国通鉴稿》所增加2800左右条目的整理,发现共增加60余国。并对《日本源流考》、《外国通鉴稿》、《西国通鉴二次稿》三者的关系进行了比较研究,指出三者构成了王先谦外国史书研究的系列。再次,以《五洲地理志略》的资料来源为中心,讨论了其叙述编排特色,强调其以“国”为内在叙述顺序,详述沿革历史、细列进出口等方面的经济数据、对中国记载尤为详细。其资料来源主要分为四个途径。将《五洲地理志略》与其所依据的最主要资料《万国新地志》的异同做了详细对比。《五洲地理志略》的史料价值主要体现在译名及注文上。最后,由王先谦三种外国史地书籍撰写的时间脉络,可以看出,他对外国的研究,是循着“日本—亚洲—亚欧非三洲—世界”的研究轨迹展开的。王先谦外国史地著作的撰写,是一个视域逐步开阔的过程,对世界的认识也是一个变动思考的过程。他的外国史地研究具有:历时长、形成系列研究、多以某一种或几种书为“底本”擅长作注、史地结合、以“通”为主、领域逐步扩展等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of foreign countries has become an important trend in late Qing dynasty. In his later years,Wang Xianqian completed three books on foreign history and geography,viz.A Study of the Origin and Development of Japan,Short Records of Geography of Five Continents,and Comprehensive Mirror to Foreign States.First of all,a meticulous counting of A Study of the Origin and Development of Japan reveals that there is 3205 citations in total,involving 111 titles and 39books.In which five of them,History of Great Japan,A Chronicle of Japanese and Chinese History(The Annales of China and Japan),Unauthorized History of Japan,Records of State of Japan,Chronology of Ethnic Groups Surrounding China,constitutes the main reference source of A Study of the Origin and Development of Japan.Therefore the author comes to a conclusion that A Study of the Origin and Development of Japan has chiefly based upon the historical materials from Japan.Then the author discusses the relationship between A Study of the Origin and Development of Japan and Records of State of Japan.Secondly,the author probes into the making of the unpublished manuscript of Comprehensive Mirror to Foreign States.The author names the 22 volume facsimile edition of Manuscript of Comprehensive Mirror to Foreign States ’the preliminary draft’, the 33 volume edition of Second Manuscript of Comprehensive Mirror to Western States which is conserved in Library of Beijing University ’the mature draft’.The author has put the 2800 new entries appeared in the 33 volume edition in order and find that the more than 60 states was added to the new edition.The author then does a comparative research among the relationship of A Study of the Origin and Development of Japan, Manuscript of Comprehensive Mirror to Foreign States,and Second Manuscript of Comprehensive Mirror to Western States and points out that these three books serve as a series of Wang Xianqian’s study of foreign history.Furthermore,the author focuses on the source material of Short Records of Geography of Five Continents.The author discusses its characteristic narration and arrangement,emphasizes that the book has an inner sequence of narration of ’state’,it describes the course of evolution in detail,it enumerates comprehensive economic data such as import and export and has a especially minute record of China.The source material consists of four aspects.The author compares the similarities and differences of Short Records of Geography of Five Continents and its main reference New Geographical Records of All Nations.The author thinks that the historical merit of Short Records of Geography of Five Continents mainly consist of its translated names and explanatory notes.Finally,according to the timely sequence of Wang Xianqian’s three books on foreign history and geography,the author can state that Wang Xianqian’s study of foreign countries followed the course of’Japan—Asia—Asia-Europe-Africa—the World’.Wang Xianqian’s writings of foreign history and geography accompanied the widening of his vision.His understanding of the world was also a process of changing thought.His research has several features:a long time duration,the formation of a series of study,source materials based on one or several books,excellent explanatory notes, combination of history and geography,emphasis on comprehensive study,gradual extension of field,etc.更多还原