大众传媒上的公共商议

【作者】 章平；

【导师】 李良荣；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 传播学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文考察的是在一个特定的公共事务领域——医疗体制改革——路径转型期间以当代中国报业为中介的公共商议活动,探究基于大众传媒的商议性民主在急剧转型的当代中国社会如何可能,以及它在特定历史时空中所呈现出来的复杂形态与特征。同时讲述了大众传媒在“他治性”的场域中,实现政治参与的掣肘与突破。本文选取《人民日报》、《京华时报》、《中国青年报》以及《经济观察报》等四家报纸来开展研究,文本时段截取在2005年6月20日至2006年10月31日这一“关键话语时期”,以对医改市场化路径的质疑为开端,至国家最高领导人正式做出回应。在医疗体制改革所涉及的纷繁复杂的议题中,新闻媒体设置不同的报道议程,从宏观到微观、从抽象到具体,促成公共商讨在大众传媒话语空间的停留、持续和演进,最终促使医疗体制改革的路径转向成为中央政府的政策议程。这一讨论过程呈现出“商议性民主”的部分特征。本文将大众传媒视作话语凝聚机制。运用比较视野,分析四家报纸如何可能成为社会表达的不同话语空间。在公共商议过程中,四家报纸形成分殊:它们对公共商议的参与程度不同,形成不同的报道框架,在议题设置上相互呼应,为不同利益群体提供了表达、表演的空间和机会。社会公众的能动作用不容忽略,他们主动建构议题,部分颠覆官方话语权的垄断,甚至出现消息来源的“路径依赖”现象。然而,在公共商讨中,医疗机构以及医务人员却成为看客。医务人员在大众传媒表演舞台上的失语,不仅表现在他们没有成为新闻报道的主角,更表现为新闻媒体“劫医济患”式报道框架对这一群体形象的扭曲。以大众传媒为中介的公共商议的生成具有一定的偶发性和必然性,它取决于政治管控的可能空间与约束、市场化的解放与抑制、新闻从业者对其职业角色的理解等因素。以大众传媒为中介的商议性民主实质上是在国家公权约制范围之内而展开的,表现为零散和局部的特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation studies on a public deliberative activity sponsored by current China’s newspaper industry as a medium in a special field of public events——medical system reform in the times of transformation.Based upon the deliberative democracy of mass media,the author researches how current China’s society in the times of drastic transformation may and does appear,in reality,complicated states and characteristics in the special times of history.And further,this dissertation describes that mass media in the domain of "being dominated by others" can realize its domination and breakthrough by the participation of politics.This dissertation,based upon the four selected newspapers like People’s Daily, Jinghua Times,the China Youth Daily and Economy Observation,and "the period of key discourse" from June 20,2005 to October 31,2006,aims at seeking the supreme authority’s formal solutions to the marketability approach of medical reform being doubted.In the agenda of complicated medical reform,news media make various report programs of agenda setting from macro to micro,from abstract to concrete so as to make public consultations remain,continue and promote in the discourse space of mass media,and eventually to render the agenda of medical reform into the one of central government.The process of consultations presents some part characteristic of deliberative democracy.In this dissertation mass media are regarded as a mechanism of discourses merged.It has a broad field of vision and analyzes how the four kinds of newspapers will probably become the different discourse spaces of social expressions.In the process of public consultations,the four kinds of newspapers have their own roles in which they form different channels to report in light of the participating degree of public consultations and they,in the agenda setting,echo one another to provide different groups of people with spaces and opportunities to express their ideas and perform their actions.The dynamic function of social mass should not be ignored for their active construction of agenda,their monopoly of right on part subversive official discourses,and their source of news which is the main dependent approach.In the course of public consultations,however,medical organizations and medical workers become onlookers.The medical workers’ indiscreet remarks on the performance stage of mass media,show not only they will not become the leading roles in the news report,but also the image of the group will be damaged through the "robbing from doctors and give to patients" style report.There is some probability and inevitability for the public consultations as mass media to appear,which depends on the following factors like the probable political control and constraint,the marketability emancipation and dampening,news workers’ understanding to their profession and so on.The deliberative democracy as a medium of mass media,in fact,employs in the domain of authority restraining right and shows the characteristics of scattered parts.更多还原