【作者】 赵日刚；

【导师】 娄成武；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 行政管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 近代产业革命以后,在社会发展的强烈推动下,大学走出象牙塔进而超越象牙塔,更为直接地担负起引领社会发展与进步的重任。19世纪柏林大学的创立,开创了教学与科研相结合的新时代,成为德国工业化的发动机,人们重新开始认识大学在国家发展中的战略地位。美国学习德国大学经验的同时进行了美国式的创造,通过赠地学院的开办及《莫里尔法案》的颁布拓展出了大学服务社会的功能,至此,教学、科研、社会服务三大功能在大学得以形成与完善,大学从社会的边缘进入社会的轴心,对人类社会的进步与发展起着重要作用。进入后工业时期,随着知识经济时代的到来及经济全球化和信息化浪潮对整个人类社会的席卷,大学在国家发展中的战略地位更加重要,在人才培养、科技创新、文化传承等方面发挥着其它社会机构无可替代的作用。同时,政府公共职能的实现与大学的联系更加紧密,强化了政府管理大学、干预大学的客观需求。另一方面,当代大学的迅速发展也使得大学在办学资金、学校管理等方面对政府的依赖加强。同西方发达国家的高校相比较,由于我国高校特殊的发展历史和较短的发展历程,办学实力相对较弱,不仅社会服务起步晚,而且在社会服务能力和社会服务经验等方面都存在一定差距。但是,新中国成立之后,随着我国高等教育的快速发展,高校的社会服务工作也得到了重视,社会服务的内容也较以前更加丰富,服务形式也不再局限于传播知识、培养人才,而是从社会经济发展的需要出发,将产学研有机结合,呈现出多样化和全方位服务的特点。发展的同时,我国大学在社会服务活动中出现了很多问题,这些问题的成因是多方面,既有大学的观念意识和管理体制的因素,又有我国企业的所处发展阶段和发展规模因素。但是主要的问题是宏观层面的问题,即政府在大学社会服务过程的模糊定位和缺乏有效引导造成的。政府作为公共部门在实现公共职能的过程中,需要对承担重要社会公共责任的大学进行相应的管理,但是由于现阶段我国政府对于大学社会服务活动的管理方式存在诸多问题,阻碍了大学社会服务功能的发挥。本文试图从政府公共职能的实现及大学社会服务功能发挥的内在逻辑出发,探寻政府与大学所具有的共同基础,通过政府公共职能的充分履行来推动大学社会服务功能的有效发挥。本文共分六部分:第一部分阐述本研究的选题目的、意义、研究方法与可能的创新点,并对国内外的相关文献进行系统梳理。第二部分论述了本研究的理论基础,即公共物品理论、治理理论和行政改革理论。第三部分阐述我国大学社会服务功能的历史沿革以及现状;第四部分阐述欧美大学社会服务功能的历史沿革以及欧美政府对大学的管理模式演进,从历史的角度纵向分析大学社会服务功能的发展历程,还介绍了美国和英国政府加强大学社会服务功能的途径,并总结其经验教训。第五部分是本研究的核心部分,阐述了我国政府加强大学社会服务功能的实现路径。第六部分阐述了本研究的结论和进一步研究需要解决的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Modern industrial revolution, with the strong promotion of social development, universities were forced to go beyond the ivory tower, and to shoulder the heavy task of leading the development and progress of community. In the 19th century, founded the Berlin University created a combination of teaching and research, and became the engine of German industrialization. People began to realize the strategic position of universities in the development of the country. In the process of learning the experience of German University, U.S.expanded the function of service to the community through land-grant colleges and the start-up of "Morrill Act". The three major functions of the university——teaching, research, social services were created and perfected, Universities were gone from the margins of society into the core of society, and played an important role in the human society’s progress and development.With the arrival of the era of knowledge economy and economic globalization, information waves swept across the whole society, the position of universities in the development of the country is more important, they play an irreplaceable role in personnel training, science and technology, cultural heritage. The realization of government public functions is closer tied to the University, so government strengthen the management of the university. At the same time, the rapid development of universities also strengthen their dependence on government in funds, school management, and other areas. Compared to the Universities in Western developed countries, China’s colleges and universities is weak in the capacity of social services. Because the history of university development is short, and the strength of school is relatively weak. However, with the steady development of China’s Higher Education, Universitise’ social services work has been seriously, the content of social services is also more abundant than in the past. The form of service is no longer confined to the dissemination of knowledge, personnel training, but to combine the production and research, showing a diverse and full-service features. At the same time, there are a lot of problems in social service activities of China’s Universities. The causes of these problems are diverse, such as the concept of the University and management system, the development stage of China’s enterprises, but more is the macro-level issues——the fuzzy positioning and the lack of effective guidance of government in Universities’ social services. As the public sector in achieving public functions, government needs to assume an important social responsibility of public universities and make appropriate management. But at this stage, there are many problems in the management of universities’ social service activities thus, make a strong Obstruction to the development of universities’ social services. In this paper, I want to explore the common basis of government and the universities from the inherent logic of Government’s public functions and universities’ social services functions. In order to promote the development of universities’ social services through the full implementation of Government’s responsibility.This paper is divided into six parts: the first part is study on the topics purpose, meaning, innovative research methods, and the relevant domestic and international literature. The second part discusses the theoretical basis of this study,——public goods theory, management theory and philosophy of higher education. The third part is study on the Chinese history of Universities’ social service, and the management mode of Chinese government on the University. And study on the form, status quo, and problems of Chinese Universities’ social services.then, analys the causes of existing problems from the perspective of government. The fourth part is about the Government of the United States and United Kingdom on the history of Universities’ social service and how to strengthen the Universities’ social services.Part V is the core of this study, it is about the building and development of the systems what the Universities’ social services is required for, and the specific initiatives for Chinese government to promote the development of social services. Part VI described the conclusions of this study and further studies need to address.更多还原