【作者】 段东；

【导师】 唐春安；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 采矿工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 煤与瓦斯突出是煤矿中常见的矿井灾害,其突发性和毁灭性极强。对瓦斯突出的防治已成世界性难题。在瓦斯突出机理的认识上尚存在多家多派的现象,且对瓦斯、地应力在瓦斯突出中的作用认识上尚存在较大分歧。在瓦斯突出监测预测方面,传统的预测方法具有一定的滞后性。因此,本文基于煤炭开采过程中的微破裂是煤与瓦斯突出等矿山动力灾害前兆特征的基本认识,突破以瓦斯浓度等表象信息监测为依据进行矿山动力灾害预报的传统思路,从开采扰动诱发地质环境劣化过程灾变导致矿山动力灾害发生的本质出发,以数值计算和微震监测技术为手段,地质环境劣化过程中的气固耦合理论分析为基础,总结分析煤与瓦斯突出等矿山动力灾害机理,揭示煤与瓦斯突出孕育的内在动因和前兆规律,为煤与瓦斯突出的实时预报提供理论依据。建立煤与瓦斯突出的微震监测系统,能有效预防瓦斯突出灾害的发生,为微震监测技术在瓦斯突出监测中的应用起到示范作用。本文主要研究内容如下:（1）研究煤体的基础参数,如非均匀性、透气性及数值模拟中的单元随机性对瓦斯突出的影响,加深对瓦斯突出及瓦斯突出现象离散性的理解。（2）在基于煤体物理力学性质非均匀性、煤体和瓦斯相互耦合作用及瓦斯突出综合假说的基础上,对瓦斯突出的三要素（瓦斯、煤体物理性质、地应力）在瓦斯突出中的作用进行数值模拟研究,对瓦斯突出三要素在瓦斯突出中的作用达到定性的描述,为瓦斯突出三要素的认识及瓦斯突出的防治提供理论依据。同时,根据研究结果,对一些瓦斯突出现象做出科学的解释。（3）分析含瓦斯煤体在不同围压情况下破坏过程中的微震在时间和空间上的分布特征,寻找有效的微震信息和有效的预测方法,在此基础上,分析不同煤质、不同瓦斯含量煤体破坏过程中微震的分布特征,根据之前提出的预测方法对潜在破坏危险区进行预测,根据煤样破坏规律评判预测的准确性。利用RFPA^3D如数值模拟软件研究岩石类材料三点弯曲破坏过程中的微震在时间和空间上的分布特征,从三维空间角度分析微震事件与应力分布之间的关系。（4）研究软分层厚度对瓦斯突出微震前兆在时间和空间上的分布特征的影响,确定含软分层煤层发生瓦斯突出时的微震前兆模式。分析煤层开采过区域构造煤、断层情况下的瓦斯突出微震前兆模式。利用微震前兆事件在空间上的分布规律对突出发生的位置进行预测,通过对比分析微震前兆事件在空间上的分布规律与瓦斯突出规律,对预测方法、预测结果的准确性和可靠性做出判断。（5）在新庄孜煤矿建立瓦斯突出微震监测系统,建立微震震源波形库,对回采工作进行实时监测,根据回采情况分析微震监测的准确性,并通过网络实现数据的远距离和远程传输。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal and gas outburst is common mine disaster, its sudden character and destruction character are extremely strong. The prevention and control to gas burst have already become a worldwide difficult problem. There exists a phenomenon of different kinds of understanding on the mechanism of gas, and there exists bigger bifurcation of understanding on the effect which gas and ground stress take in the gas outburst. On the aspect of monitoring and forecasting of gas outburst, the traditional forecasting method is of some hysteretic nature. So this paper bases on the basic understanding that the micro failure is the coal, gas outburst and etc. mine power disaster precursor characteristic, the break the traditional thought which forecast the mine power disaster according to the gas concentration etc. representation information, start from the essence which geology and environment deterioration progression catastrophe which the mining disturbance induces lead to the happening of mine power disaster. By means of numerical calculation and microseismic monitoring technique and on the basis of gas-solid coupling theoretical analysis in the progress of geology and environment deterioration, summarize and analyze the coal and gas outburst, etc. mine power disaster mechanism, reveal inherent motivation and precursory rule of coal and gas outburst, establish theoretical foundation for real-time forecasting of coal and gas outburst. The happening of gas outburst disaster can be prevented effectively by establish microseismic monitoring system of coal and gas outburst, play a demonstration role in application of microseismic monitoring technique in gas outburst monitoring. The main research content of this present paper is as follows:（1） The micro structure of coal, such as nonuniformity, permeability and the influence which the gas outburst on the randomness of units in numerical simulation are studied. The understanding of gas outburst mechanism and gas outburst phenomenon diversification is strengthened. （2） On the basis of coal physical and mechanical properties nonuniformity, coal and gas intercoupling effect and gas outburst comprehensive supposition, numerical simulation research in the effect of three factors of gas outburst（gas, physical property and ground stress） in gas outburst is done, effect of three factors of gas outburst in gas outburst is qualitatively described, theoretical evidence for cognition of gas outburst mechanism and gas outburst prevention is provided. Meanwhile, according to the research results, an scientific explanation to some gas outburst phenomena is made.（3） The distribution characteristics of microseism in time and space and in the failure progress of gassy coal under different confining pressure is analyzed, effective microseism information and effective prediction method is found , on the basis of this, the distribution characteristics of microseism in coal failure progress of different coal quality and different gas content are analyzed, potential failure risk region according to prediction method which is put forward before is forecast, accuracy of forecast according to coal sample failure law is judged.By using RFPA^3D code study the distribution characteristics of microseism in time and space in the rock-like material three-point bending failure progress, the relation between microseism incidents and stress distribution from the three-dimensional space perspective is analyzed.（4） The influence which soft stratification thickness imposes on the distribution characteristics of gas outburst microseism precursor in time and space is studied, microseism precursor mode when gas outburst happens in soft stratification coal seam is determined. Gas outburst microseism precursor mode which is in the situation of structuring coal across region and fault in the coal seam are analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the microseism precursor incident distribution scale in space and gas outburst law, the accuracy and reliability of forecast methods and results are judged.（5） Gas outburst microseism monitoring system in Xinzhuangzi Coal Mine is established, microseism source waveform library is established, the accuracy of microseism monitoring according to mining situation is analyzed, long-distance transmission of data by network is realized.更多还原