【作者】 徐帅；

【导师】 孙豁然；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 资源信息与决策， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 数字矿山建设是当前我国矿业界研究的热点问题,2008年科技部也将数字矿山建设列为国家高新技术研究发展计划(863计划)“数字化采矿关键技术与软件开发”重点项目。本文针对我国矿山发展现状和信息化水平,深入系统地研究了我国地下矿山数字开采技术。研究了三维动态实体模型建模技术和数字开采设计技术,实现了数字开采软件平台。本研究紧密结合我国矿山信息化现状,能为矿山的生产、设计提供切实指导,为企业建设带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。论文在分析了数字矿山建设目标、技术难题的基础上研究了数字开采的内涵、研究内容以及数字开采建设四个关键技术问题:(1)动态三维地质实体模型研究;(2)构建筑物实体模型研究;(3)数字开采辅助设计研究;(4)数字开采快速计量研究。建立了数字开采的技术路线,搭建了数字开采的技术框架,为数字开采的研究提供了系统规划。根据矿山地质资料随生产情况实施修正的特点,提出了基于三维空间三角剖分的四面体动态实体模型建模算法。该算法以钻孔取样和勘探线剖面图为基础资料,以水平断面图为约束、利用最小能量集中化原则。建立的三维地质实体模型能根据修正的矿岩边界实时修正矿体模型,使矿体模型更加贴近生产实际,更易推广应用。在动态模型构建中,研究了图纸数字化方法、平面图纸空间复位算法、地质实体尖灭构建算法、断层节理构建算法以及用于矿岩边界搜索最小夹角算法、保证矿体柔顺的正则化算法。这些算法的研究为动态模型的建立奠定了理论上的基础。论文对地下矿山构建筑物模型进行分类研究。针对井巷工程分别采用弧形类断面连续插值放样构建和矩形类断面拉伸构建算法;针对斜坡道工程,提出平面图形梯度差值生长构建算法;地表建筑物模型构建采用外部三维预定义实体块模型模拟构建算法。采用人机交互机制,使得生成的构建筑物实体模型准确、形象、逼真。论文分析了采矿设计的过程,研究了基于三维实体模型的图纸剖切算法、巷道表示数据结构、井巷设计数据传递方式、井巷设计裁剪算法,建立了井巷工程设计、爆破设计、施工图布点等体系,形成了采矿设计模块。并以此为基础,研究了矿岩量计算、品位估值、爆破量计算、测量验收统计等数字开采设计快速计量。数字开采设计的研究,大大简化设计工作复杂度,减小设计人员的工作量。根据以上研究,论文以鞍钢矿业公司弓长岭井下矿的数字开采为例,基于AutoCAD2007平台,以Object ARX 2007为接口,利用.NET编程语言,结合SQL SEVER 2005数据库,实现了数字开采软件平台。该平台可以完成地质图纸处理、动态实体模型构建、构建筑物模型建模、采矿设计、工程快速统计、测量验收系统、生产计划编排等功能,可显著减少设计者的劳动强度、提高了采矿工作的效率,降低生产成本。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a hot issue in domestic mining industry, digital mine is classified by the Ministry of Science and Technology as one of the key projects in national frontier science research program (863 program), namely "key technologies in digital mining and software development". In view of the current development status of the domestic mines and mining informationization, this paper tends to conduct a profound and analytical research on the key technologies of digital exploration for underground mines. The study also touches upon the modeling technology of tridimensional dynamic entity and design technology of digital exploration, which provides software platform for the digital exploration. Besides, it is more suitable for our current mining informationization state and can bring feasible guidance to the production and design of mines, lead to substantial social and economic benefit to the enterprises.This paper demonstrates the connotation and study content of digital exploration on the basis of the analysis of the targets and technical obstacles of digital mines, and proposes four key technologies: (1) modeling of dynamic tridimensional geological entity; (2) modeling of designed structure; (3) digital exploration aided design; (4) rapid measurement of digital exploration. This sets up the technical route and framework for digital exploration and provides a systemic guideline for further study.For the mining geologic material must be modified in accordance with the production status, the author put forward the construction algorithms for the dynamic physical model of tridimensional triangulational tetrahedron. In light of the principle of the collection of minimum energy, the modeling system of tridimensional geological entity model can be accomplished on the basis of drilling sampling and the profile map of prospecting line and within the restriction of horizontal profile map. Therefore, the construction of dynamic tridimensional geological entity model shall be completed. The finished tridimensional geological entity model may conduct real-time orebody modification based on the change of ore boundary, which makes the model resemble reality and more applicable.In the dynamic modeling process, this paper attempts to provide solutions to the methods of drawing digitization, the space resetting algorithms of planar drawings, the wedging-out construction algorithms of geological entities, the construction algorithm of faults and joints, the algorithms for the identification of minimum separation angle at the ore edge and the regularization method for the absence of orebody torsion. The study on these algorithms lays a sound theoretical foundation for the modeling of dynamic entity.Also this paper discusses the classification of the designed structure model of underground mines. The shaft sinking and drifting can be divided into measured shaft and designed shaft, which may be respectively applied to the construction algorithms of curved cross section successive lofting and rectangular cross section stretching. As for the ramp engineering, the author put forward the difference incremental algorithms for the planar graph gradients. The modeling of above-ground structures shall apply the simulation construction algorithms of external tridimensional predefined physical model. The human-computer interaction may make the physical model of the designed structure accurate, vivid and lifelike.On the ground of the formation of tridimensional digital physical model in the mining design process, this paper put forth the sectioning algorithms in the process of drawing creation, the data display structure of laneway, the data transmission structure of shaft design, the clipping algorithm in shaft design. Then the author completes such design projects as shaft sinking and drifting aided design, shop drawing aided design, blasting design, etc. Therefore, the mining design module is accomplished. In this regard, the author discusses the ore quantity calculation, grade estimate, blasting ore quantity calculation, measurement and checking summary and other rapid measurement system of digital exploration aided design. The study on the digital exploration aided design can greatly decrease the complexity of designing and cut sown the workload of designers.On the grounds of these studies, the author takes the digital exploration of Gong ChangLing shaft of Angang Mining Corporation, taking the AutoCAD2007 as platform, the Object ARX 2007 as interface, and making use of .NET programming language and SQL Sever 2000 database. The platform of digital exploration software may accomplish geological drawing treatment, construction of dynamic physical model, modeling of designed structure, mining aided design, project rapid calculation, measurement and checking system, production plan aided layout and aided instrument. This may mitigate the labor intensity of the workers, increase mining efficiency and cut down production cost and bring about substantial economic and social benefits.更多还原