【作者】 刘励；

【导师】 吴汉荣；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 研究目的本研究旨在对儿童青少年健康进行个体和群体综合评价,比较儿童青少年个体和群体健康状况,探讨儿童青少年生长发育、生理机能、运动素质、心理状况和健康缺陷等不同类别指标,建立评价指标体系,对儿童青少年健康进行综合评价。研究方法2007年10月,采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取广州、湘潭、武汉和哈尔滨四地的7～18岁儿童青少年,剔除无效样本保留有效样本为4251份,有效率为95%。本研究四地均采用《2005年全国学生体质健康状况调查工作手册》、《儿童少年生活质量问卷》及课题组编写的《卫生标准项目实施方案》,各项指标采用统一的方法进行测量,搜集身体形态指标(身高体重指数)、生理机能指标(肺活量体重指数)、身体素质指标(50m跑,立定跳远,耐力跑)、心理健康指标(儿童少年生活质量)和健康缺陷指标(指视力不良、龋齿、贫血、肠道蠕虫感染、肥胖或营养不良及心、肺、肝、胃、肾等器质性疾病)等指标数据。应用Visual FoxPro 6.0建立数据库,SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。采用层次分析法综合指数对应评估等级作出优劣判断,进行个体健康综合评价;在个体健康综合评价基础上,运用模糊数学综合评判进行健康群体综合评价。研究结果1.建立儿童青少年体质健康的评价体系采用形态、机能、素质、心理和健康缺陷5类指标建立评价指标体系,对儿童青少年健康进行综合评价,建立评估指标权重集,计算确定5类指标的权重系数。5类指标权重顺序分别为健康缺陷(0.3144)、身体素质(0.2251)、身体形态(0.1535)、生理机能(0.1535)、心理状况(0.1535)。身体素质3个子项目各为1/3(0.0750),身体形态1个子项目为0.1535,生理机能1个子项目为0.1535和心理状况1个子项目为0.1535。2.制定了“儿童青少年健康综合评价标准”。各省(市)、自治区可结合自身需要,参考本标准,对该省(市)体质调研资料来进行个体的健康综合评价。采用层次分析法综合指数对评估等级作出优劣判断,进行个体健康综合评价。3.在个体健康综合评价基础上,运用模糊数学综合评判进行健康群体综合评价。计算广州、湘潭、武汉和哈尔滨四地各年龄段健康测试指标等级分布,进行年龄间群体健康综合评价比较。四地男女生间及各年龄段群体健康综合评价结果与各地实际情况相符。4.探讨了儿童青少年体质健康的影响因素肥胖状况对不同年龄段的儿童青少年的生理机能、身体素质有不同程度的影响,特别是50米跑和耐力跑肥胖组比正常组得分低;心理健康状况对不同年龄段学生的生理机能、身体素质有不同程度的影响。研究结论与建议1.建立儿童青少年体质健康的评价体系采用形态、机能、素质、心理和健康缺陷5类指标建立评价指标体系,对儿童青少年健康进行综合评价,全面、客观地评价儿童青少年体质健康。2.制定了“儿童青少年健康综合评价标准”。各省(市)、自治区可结合自身需要,参考本标准,对该省(市)体质调研资料来进行个体或群体的健康综合评价。为学生健康咨询指导提供科学的评价方法和依据,更能使学校,学生和家长充分了解学生目前的健康水平,以便采取积极的应对措施。3.探讨了儿童青少年体质健康的影响因素(1)身体形态、机能、运动素质是影响人体健康水平的主要因素,体质健康既反映着人体生命活动的水平,也反映着人体身体运动的水平;(2)地区、年龄和性别也是儿童青少年体质健康的影响因素。(3)肥胖状况对其生理技能、运动素质和心理健康水平有不同程度的影响。(4)心理健康水平的高低同样对儿童青少年体质健康有不同程度的影响。4.在全国范围内积极推广和开展儿童青少年体质健康综合评价,各省(市)、自治区可结合自身需要,参考本标准,对该省(市)体质调研资料来进行个体或群体的健康综合评价。有利于根据评价结果给予及早干预和进一步比较分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectivesThis study was designed to carry out individual and synthetical evaluation on children and adolescents’ overall health,comparing the physical health status between individuals and groups,exploring such index as children’s growth and development,physiology,sports quality,psychological status and physical defects to establish an evaluation index system for synthetical evaluation of children and adolescents’ health,which is an important component in school education evaluation system.MethodsIn October 2007,by the use of stratified cluster sampling method,we chose 7～18 year old Children and adolescents from Guangzhou,Xiangtan,Wuhan and Harbin,exclude invalid samples to retain an effective sample of 4251 copies,with effective rate of 95%. This study adopted 2005 National Survey of Student Physical Health Work Manual, Children and Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Task Force prepared a Health Standards for the Project Implementation Plan.The subjects were measured with a unified approach to collect body shape index(height and weight index),physical function index (body mass index,vital capacity),physical indicators(50m run,standing long jump, endurance running),mental health indicators(life quality of Children and Adolescents), health defects indicators(refer to bad eyesight,dental caries,anemia,intestinal worm infections,obesity or malnutrition,and heart,lung,liver,stomach,kidney and other organic diseases) and other indicators.We adopted Visual FoxPro 6.0 to establish a database, SPSS13.0 software for statistical analysis.Quality judgment on individual health synthetical evaluation was made with AHP together with comprehensive index scales, based on which,group health synthetical evaluation was made with fuzzy mathematical synthesis.Results1.The establishment of evaluation index weights and determining weight coefficient of five categories of indicators.The order of five categories of indicators is health defects,respectively(0.3144),motor qualities(0.2251),morphological development(0.1535),physical function(0.1535), psychological status(0.1535).Three sub-projects of movement quality each with 1/3 (0.0750),morphological development of a sub-project is 0.1535,physiological feature a sub-project is 0.1535 and psychological conditions of a sub-project is 0.1535.2.Synthetical evaluation standard was established.Each province and autonomous region in China may refer to it to conduct synthetical evaluation of their individual and group’s health condition.AHP was used to judge the evaluation scale and evaluate individual health.3.We compared of Growth and Development mean of 7-18 year-old students in Guangzhou, Xiangtan,Wuhan and Harbin to compare different evaluation results.The evaluation results are consistent with the local conditions.4.Research on the Child and Adolescent Obesity situation and physical quality Obesity status on primary and secondary students of different ages of the physiological function, athletic qualities have different degrees of impact.This is particularly true for the 50-meter dash and endurance run,in which obese group scores lower than normal group.Conclusion and Suggestions1.The establishment of a synthetical evaluation system for children and adolescents We established a system with five-category index such as physiology,function,and quality, mental and physical defect to evaluate their health in a comprehensive and objective way.2.The establishment of synthetical evaluation system for children and adolescents.Each province and autonomous region in China may refer to it to conduct synthetical evaluation of their individual and group’s health condition.This also provides a scientific evaluation method and reference for health consultation,and gives insights into student’s present health condition for students and their parents to adopt counter-measures.3.The influencing factors of children and adolescents’ health(1) Growth and development,physiological functions,physical constitution,athletic ability are main influencing factors of human health.Physical health is not only the reflection of the level of human’s energy but athletic level.(2) Region,age and gender contribute to children and adolescents’ health(3) Obesity degree exerts different influence on physiology skills,athletical quality and mental health.(4) Mental health exerts different influence on children and adolescents’ health4.A national wide evaluation is suggested to be conducted.Each province and autonomous region in China may refer to it to conduct synthetical evaluation of their individual and group’s health condition.The results will provide a foundation for early intervention and further comparison.更多还原