【作者】 赵岱昌；

【导师】 叶国雄；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 从世界范围看,借助科技力量提高训练的科学水平已经成为当今竞技体育发展的必然趋势。训练团队作为训练的一种组织形式,在增加训练中的科技含量、实现科学训练方面具有积极意义,对提高本国的竞技水平和竞争力具有重要作用。从国内来看,多学科联合攻关作为训练团队的雏形,被证明是我国备战大型比赛的有效形式,但训练与科研结合不密切的现象长期存在,不利于我国竞技体育的继续发展。为实现科学训练,提高我国竞技体育水平,国家体育总局提出建设复合型训练团队的任务。合作是实现团队目标的基本方式,是团队的基本特征之一,团队建设的最终目的也是为了提高合作水平,复合型训练团队提出的目的就是希望通过团队成员的合作实现科学训练。因此,如何促进团队合作是个非常重要又不能回避的问题。辩证唯物主义认为,只有深刻认识事物的本质与规律才能有效发挥人的主观能动性。鉴于此,本研究的主要内容和目的如下:1、分析复合型训练团队产生的历史原因与时代背景,从历史发展的角度认识复合型训练团队的本质;概括世界体育强国训练团队的组织特点、结构特征,从现实角度认识复合型训练团队的基本特征。通过上述研究使人们深刻认识复合型训练团队的本质及特征。2、探讨科学训练的一般思路,概括复合型训练团队的合作模式及特点,分析、总结团队合作的形式、范围、影响因素等。通过上述研究使人们把握团队合作的实践特点。3、探讨合作产生与发展的规律,分析复合型训练团队合作的动力机制以及提高团队合作的方法、途径。通过上述研究使人们深刻把握团队合作的本质与条件,深化对团队合作的认识。本文采用的研究方法有文献资料法、访谈法、个案研究、问卷调查、数理统计和逻辑分析法。通过研究,我们得出如下主要结论:1、复合型训练团队是运动训练发展和科学技术进步双重推动下的必然产物,它与存在于其他国家的训练团队在本质上具有一致性。其概念可表述为:在竞技体育中,综合有关人才,以科学训练为目标,致力于提高运动员竞技能力和比赛成绩,探索竞技项目发展规律的团队。2、具有分散与集中相结合特点的团队合作模式比较适合当前我国的实际情况,科学性与合理性较好,教练员在合作中处于主导地位,实践科学训练的关键是借助模型构建一个使训练结果与预期目标之间的差距不断减小的反馈回路。目前,教练员与研究人员合作的形式主要有五种,主要工作方法包括跟队、定点检测和课题三种。3、提高运动员的成绩是教练员与研究人员合作的共同主导动机,但在强度方面,教练员大于研究人员。行政压力对促进教练员与研究人员的合作具有一定作用,该因素更多影响了教练员。教练员的需求体现出层次性特征,研究人员的工作侧重点与教练员的需要有一定偏差。4、保持和优化团队合作动力是提高团队合作水平、促进团队不断发展的根本保证,互惠是保证团队合作不断发展的本质因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 From a global perspective, it has become an inevitable trend to improve the scientific level of training and accelerate the progress of sports through scientific and technological power. As an organizational form of training, team training play an important role in increasing technology content of training, achieving scientific training, and enhancing competitiveness in sport.From domestic point of view, a joint multi-disciplinary research team, as embryonic form of training team, has been proved to be an effective form of preparing large-scale competitions in our country. But the situation of training and scientific research unclaspt is long-term existence, and it has infected the development of our national sport. In order to carry out scientific training and improve the level of sport in our country, the General Administration of Sport of China proposed the mission to build compound training team.Cooperation is basic way to achieve team goals, and it’s the essential characteristics of team. The ultimate purpose to build a team is to improve the cooperation of team, the compound training team is too. We aim at achieving scientific training by cooperation of team members. So, how to promote cooperationin training team becomes a very important and unavoidable question. Dialectical materialist believe people cannot play an effective initiative unless he has profound understanding of the nature and laws of things. In view of this, the main research contents and purpose of this study are as follows:1、By analysing the historical factors and era background of compound training , people can understand its nature from the point of view of history development. By generalyzing the form and structure of training team in other sports power, people can known the basic characters of compound training team from a practical point of view. We hope people can profoundly understand the compound training team.2、To discuss the general approach achieving scientific training; To generalyze cooperation mode and characteristics in the compound training team; To summarize the form, scope, influence factors, etc. We hope people can hold the practical characteristics of team cooperation.3、To study the law of cooperation arising and progress; To discuss the motor driving cooperation and the ways improving team cooperation. We hope people can profoundly understand the nature of cooperation and how to improve cooperation. In this paper, literature review, interviews, case studies, questionnaire, data statistics and logical analysis were used. By study, we have got the main conclusions as follow:1、It was inevitable that the compound training team arisen. It was driven by the two factors. One is the training developed in sports, and another is technology drived in sports. The compound training team share the nature with those training teams which exist in other countries . The concept can be expressed as: It was a team in sport which integrate all professionals from relational fields, in order to achieve scientific training, improve athletic ability and game score, and explore the development of the law of sports. 2、The cooperation mode which has the character of separation and centralization fit in with the situation of our country. It has higher scientific and rationality and coaches at a dominant position in it. The key of practising scientific training is to build a feedback which can continually reduce the gap between the training results and target in virtue of model. At present, the dooperation forms between coaches and researchers mostly have five type, it’s working include following athletes, supervise in fixed place and investigation.3、Coaches and researchers share a common viewpoint improving the athletic ability, but the coaches’will be stronger than rearchers’. Administration pressure on coaches to promote cooperation with the researchers has a certain role, but the factor affected the coaches more. The coaches reflect the level of demand characteristics. The researchers focused on the job deviating from the demand of coaches.4、To maintain and optimize the power of cooperation is the guarantee improving the cooperation and promoting the team development. Reciprocity is intrinsic factor to ensure continuous developing of team cooperation.更多还原