【作者】 郭守靖；

【导师】 郭志禹；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 民族传统体育学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本文以史学研究为基础,在社会史学的视角下,进行实地考察、人物访谈,获取“口述史”资料,引用文化圈理论将齐鲁地域划分成“黄河文化”“齐文化”“鲁文化”三个武术文化圈,确立“清代齐鲁武举人的地域分布”、“查拳”、“螳螂拳”、“汉画像石中的武术文化”以及“水浒中的武术文化”个案研究模式,力图从齐鲁武术文化的技术特征、精神意识、社会形态三个层面,利用文献资料、问卷调查、比较、归纳、演绎等具体研究方法,横向研究齐鲁武术文化的地域现象和纵向研究齐鲁武术文化历史特征。上篇齐鲁武术文化的地域现象:齐文化对武术文化产生了较大影响,形成“齐人隆技击”、“齐人余勇可贾”武术文化现象的主要因素是齐国的“军政制度”和“选士”、“养士”风气以及齐人用兵的“全胜”战略思想。而鲁文化对武术的精神文化熏陶深刻。孔子以“六艺”教育学生,促进了武“术”与文“化”的结合;孔子重视“武勇精神”、强调“文武兼备”以及墨子的“非攻”理念促进了齐鲁武术精神文化形成和发展。华拳深受鲁文化的影响,明显具有儒家风范。《水浒传》反映了从南宋到明代武术文化的社会现象,其中41位山东籍水浒人物故事,刻画了齐鲁武术人物的个性,映射了齐鲁武术文化的社会学特征。近现代武术套路发展过程中有30多中拳术与山东籍水浒人物有关;清代流传于山东、河南、江苏一带的“叶子游戏”,以水浒人物的武功高低来标识“叶子”面值大小;流传于我国南方的“宋江阵”,以《水浒传》中108位英雄为剧情,进行武术套路和对练表演,反映了水浒武术文化的社会学现象。下篇研究齐鲁武术文化历史特征:根据山东省境内出土的武术类文物,齐鲁武术文化可以上溯到新石器时代。夏商周的“讲武之礼”,先秦齐国的“武乐”和“观社”是齐鲁武术文化形成的渊薮。秦汉“罢讲武之礼”而作“角抵戏”,体现了齐鲁武术已经向多功能发展。对山东境内出土的汉画像石中武术文化的个案研究表明:汉代齐鲁武术可能已经出现了古拙简朴的武术套路,出现了武术对练,武术的“器械对练”、“徒手格斗”、“徒手对器械”、“器械表演”等四类子项雏形已经具备。唐代建立武举制度、宋代兴办武学,为习武者提供了“入仕”机会,促进了民间武艺的发展,对社会尚武风气产生了积极影响。宋代“教法格”的颁布实施以及武术教师的涌现促进了武术套路运动分门别类发展模式。齐鲁枪术自宋末享誉天下,经过明代、清代沿袭至今。齐鲁武术拳种分布不均恒,表现为鲁西地区多于鲁东地区。在清代鲁西地区考中武举的人数较多,反映了鲁西地区习武风气高于鲁东;由武举人晋升武进士的比率,鲁东地区高于鲁西,反映了鲁东地区民性强悍,盛于鲁西地区。山东境内大部分的拳种在清代形成体系。查拳起源于山东冠县,其历史可以上溯到宋代的“行拳”,查拳体系的完善是鲁西地区数代回民习武者共同创作的结晶,尤其清真寺穆斯林为查拳的传播和发展做出了杰出贡献。螳螂拳产生于清初莱阳一带,象形取意,风格侧重于“短打”,精心于螳螂之勇,而不局限于螳螂之型。其发展路线是农村向城市发展,由莱阳、海阳地方到烟台、青岛市区,向济南、上海、南京、东北等全国重要城市发展,最后流传海外。近现代齐鲁武术的发展为鼎盛时期,民间武术活跃,对外交流广泛,参加全国武术竞赛的成绩位居前列。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study aimed to investigate“Qi Lu Wu Shu Culture”by the methods of survey and visiting to collect“Oral History”, together with references, questionnaire, and compare and so on basing on history and social history. The study quoted geography theory and divided the“Qi Lu Region”into three Wu Shu Culture sections, namely“Huang River Culture, Qi Culture, and Lu Culture”to establish the case study by investigating the Wu Shu Master distribution of Qi dynasty, and Cha Quan, Tang Lang Quan, the culture of Han dynasty stone picture, and the Wu Shu culture in Shu Hu. The study investigated the Qi Lu culture and its character from the aspects of Wu Shu technique culture, spirit culture and social culture.The contents and main conclusion of first part: Qi culture had great effect on Wu Shu culture and the“Qi people being good at fighting”and“Qi people being brave”was because of the excellent military rules, selecting fighters and respecting fighter. However, Confucius educated his students with Six Yi, which promoted the combination of Wu Shu and civilization, and he emphasized fighting spirit and combination of Wu and Wen together with no attacking of Mo Zi, all of which facilitated the formation and development of Qu Lu Wu Shu spirit. Be affecting by Lu culture, Hua Quan reflects obviously Confucian Style.Shui Hu Legends reflected the Song dynasty social phenomenon of Wu Shu cluture, in which forty-one figures coming from Shang Dong province shaped the characteristics of Shang Dong province and reflected the social character of Qi Lu culture. There are about thirty kinds of Quang Shu relating to Shang Dong figures in Shui Hu Legends. The Leaf Game was popular in Shang Dong, He Nan, and Jiang Shu provinces in Qing dynasty which determined the high and low levels of Wu Gong by the area of leaves in Shui Hu Legends. The Song Jiang Matrix also was based on the one hundreds and eight figures of Shui Hu Legends and evolved gradually to the Wu Shu Tao Lu show and folk Wu Shu action.Main contents and conclusions from final part: From the culture relic in Shan Dong province, Qi Lu culture derived from the“advocating Wu Shu manners”in Shang Zhou dynasties, and the“Wu Shu dancing”and“see Wu Shu Show”in Qi dynasty of Xiang Qin which exhibited the“like Wu Shu Habit”. The discharging Wu Shu manner in Qin and Han dynasties indicated the Qi Lu Wu Shu developing towards multifunction. The case study on Hu dynasty stone pictures in Shang Dong province suggested that: Qi Lu Wu Shu in Han dynasty may have owned concise Tao Lu, and appeared four forms: Wu Shu fighting, fighting with weapons, fighting without weapons and one person without weapon against another with weapon. The rule of Wu Shu master in Tang dynasty and Wu Shu learning in Song dynasty provided the opportunity to become leader for Wu Shu actors. The development of“Jiao Fa Ge”and“Wu Shu teacher”in Song dynasty were the critical factors for the establishment and development of Tao Lu. The Lu spear was the famous around the country and came down today. The Quan Zhong was more in Lu Xi than Lu Dong. The People became Wu Ju Ren was more in Lu Xi which reflected that a great deal people liked this game in Lu Xi. Furthermore, the people who promote from Wu Ju Ren to Wu Jin Shi was greater in Lu Xi, which reflected Lu Xin Ren liking Wu Shu and strength.The most species of Quan were formed during Qi dynasty. The study on Cha and Tanglang Quan, derived from Shan Dong province, indicated that they developed in Guang coutry and came from Xing Quan in Song dynasty with great contribution of Qi Zhen Muslem to the spreading and development. Tang Lang Quan established on the base of shape of Tang Lang, emphasized on short fighting, and had the Tang Lang brave without confining its shape. Tang Lang Quan derived from Lai Yang and Hai Yang and spread from country to city finally abroad. By now, Wu Shu has its day in Qi Lu, communicates with foreign broadly, and has acquired good achievements in national matches.更多还原