【作者】 林建华；

【导师】 常云昆；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 西方经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 经济利益问题是经济学研究的核心问题。西方经济学与马克思经济学都围绕经济利益这一核心问题构筑了相应的理论体系,虽然它们对经济利益冲突的性质、根源及化解途径的认识不同,甚至是相互对立的,但二者均认为利益关系是社会的本质关系,经济利益和谐是社会和谐的基础。我国从1978年开始的以市场为导向的经济转型,其实质是利益的调整和分配。在这一制度变迁过程中,我国的制度体系及社会利益关系发生了重大变化,出现了一系列利益矛盾和利益冲突。本文以经济转型为背景,运用制度分析方法首先研究西方经济学有关经济利益和谐的制度基础及经济利益和谐机制,在分析经济转型过程中的制度特征——双轨制及其后果的基础上,通过对政府行为的研究揭示转型期利益冲突的原因及形成机制,进而提出实现经济利益和谐的路径选择。中国经济转型是政府主导下的渐进制度变迁过程,其最大的特征是“双轨制”,即市场配置与行政计划配置并存的经济体制。由于政府行政权力相对于市场主体权利的不对等性及政府行政权力的强制性,“双轨制”必然导致政府行政权力和利益的强化,加之缺乏社会公众对政府官员的监督和制约机制,为政府官员寻求自身利益打开了方便之门。政府各职能部门通过“部门立法”,将部门利益制度化,导致不公正的制度供给,加剧了转型期的经济利益冲突。政府对自身利益的追求,强化了政府行为的机会主义倾向,使政府过于关注经济建设,追求财政收入最大化,并强化行政权力对经济的控制和干预,而忽视了自身应该承担的公共服务职能,从而导致政府的越位和缺位,不仅使社会保障制度发展缓慢,教育、医疗、住房等民生问题突出,也使收入差距不断扩大、劳动报酬相对于GDP水平持续下降,导致内需不足及宏观经济结构扭曲,经济运行风险加大。由于未建立起实现经济利益和谐的基础制度,我国存在严重的权利和机会分配不平等的现象,这是导致转型期经济利益冲突的根本原因。因此,借鉴西方经济学经济利益和谐的制度安排,构筑经济利益和谐的基础制度,是实现经济利益和谐的前提条件。为此,本文提出了以完善我国市场经济基础制度为核心的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The economic interest is the core issue of economics. Based on the it, the political economics and economics both have established their individual theory system. Although they have different perspectives, even totally opposite on the nature, the root of interest conflict, as well as the solving method, in both theories it is commonly agreed that interest relationship is the essential relationship of the society, and the interest alignment is the base of social harmonization. China started its market-oriented economic transition since 1978, whose nature is the interest adjustment and redistribution. During this process, there has been radical change in respect of institutional system and social interest, and a series of interest contradiction and interest confliction appear thereof. The paper focus on the background of the economic transition. The fair and just systematic analysis method is applied to comprehensively research on the institutional basis and mechanism regarding to economic interest harmonization in the theory of economics, then the institutional characteristics for the period of economic transition, which is named as "Dual- track system" and its consequences are analyzed. Moreover, by examining the government’s behavior, in the paper the main reason and formation mechanism attributing to interest conflict is disclosed. And eventually the options have been put forward to help to realize the economic interest harmonization.China’s economic transition was a gradual institutional system changing process directed by government. The most important feature of this process is the "Dual- track system", which means two models of economic resource allocation system coexisting, namely, market-oriented and authorization-oriented systems. However, on one hand, the imbalance position between government and market and government’s compulsory power stress to market inevitably result in the intensification of governmental administrative power. On the other, there is no sufficient and effective supervision and restriction mechanism towards the government’s officers. Hence, it has all contribute to the convenience for government officers to seek on their own interest. Meanwhile, different government agencies have institutionalized their own interests by introducing "Department Legislation" approach, which has resulted in discriminatory institutional supply, which has exacerbated the economic interest conflict during the transformation period.The pursuit for its own interest has intensified the opportunism tendency of government behavior; made government agencies very active in economic construction, pursuing in maximizing fiscal revenue and intensifying the administrative power to control and intervene the economy. But on the other hand, government has neglected the responsibility of its public service function, which has led to the government behavior exceeding authorization and responsibility vacancy. This not only hinders the development of social security system, protrudes the People’s well-being issues, like education, medical care, housing, etc; but also makes income gap enlarge, productivity remuneration consistently dip, not parelleled with GDP; hence the internal demand showed insufficient and macro-economic structure distorted, increasing the potential economic operation risk.Because the fundamental policy for realizing economic interest harmonization has not been established, there is the serious inequity in respect of rights and opportunities distribution in our county, which is the main reason of the economic conflict during transition phase. Therefore, it is beneficial to study the interest alignment theory of economics and build the basic economic interest harmonization realization mechanism in China. For this purpose, this article puts forward the policy suggestion focused on refining fundamental institution for market economy of our country.更多还原