【作者】 黄志刚；

【导师】 荣朝和；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 产业经济学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展和城市化水平的不断提高,运输业已经发展到了节点(枢纽)在更大程度上决定网络效率的阶段,其发展的重点也逐渐从城市和地区之间的线路或通道连接问题为主,转变为在节点上方式之间的连接问题为主,更多规划和设计的重点、更多技术和资金的使用已经转移到节点和枢纽的建设上。在这种趋势和背景下,运输业提高网络效率的内在需要就必然对节点(枢纽)提出某种相应的要求,此时节点(枢纽)也一定要通过自身形念的改变来适应这种要求,才能达到提高网络效率的目的。随着运输业的不断发展,网络中节点(枢纽)对交通资源的整合作用成为越来越被普遍关注的问题。本文认为,包括大型铁路客站在内的交通枢纽的功能特性使其内在地具有整合交通资源的作用,而且对交通资源的整合作用及其效率是决定交通一体化水平和整体运行效率的关键因素,因此我们必须充分认识到大型铁路客站等交通枢纽在交通资源系统中所具有的核心资源的地位和作用,而且随着运输业发展的重点不断向节点转移,其核心交通资源的地位将越来越凸显。论文在对大型铁路客站核心交通资源定位的基础上,应用交通区位理论、完整运输产品理论、网络经济理论和交通资源理论,分析了大型铁路客站对交通资源的整合作用的相关问题,论文的主要研究成果有:首先,论文提出了交通区位性能的概念,论证了大型铁路客站的交通区位性能与交通资源整合作用之间的内在逻辑关系。本文认为,大型铁路客站的内在功能特性是其能够发挥对交通资源整合作用的基础条件,而影响客站交通区位性能的主要因素,包括客站的选址、集散交通方式结构、规模、客站内结构设计合理程度以及客站内信息、运营组织、票制等软资源的有效协调程度,才是其能否充分发挥整合作用的决定性因素。其次,论文构建了大型铁路客站对交通资源整合作用与交通网络效率之间内在逻辑关系的理论模型。本文认为,大型铁路客站通过提高其交通区位性能而发挥对交通资源的整合作用,并表现为通过提升交通资源的耦合程度、改善运输产品及服务质量、实现运输业网络经济而最终达到提高网络效率的目的。本文认为,提高大型铁路客站对交通资源的整合作用,从交通资源配置角度看,就是要提高交通区位形成过程中相关交通资源的耦合程度,也就是使外部资源形成专属交通资源过程中实现尽可能的节约;从运输需求角度看,就是为乘客提供更加优质高效的运输服务,也就是为乘客提供更加高质量和高效率的换乘服务,包括换乘过程的安全、方便、舒适、快速、无缝隙连接、零距离换乘、零时间等待以及必要的人为关怀等等;从运输供给角度看,就是提高运输业的网络经济,突出表现在提高大型铁路客站的场站处理能力经济、线路通过密度经济、车辆与列车载运能力经济以及网络幅员经济等方面。第三,在上述理论分析的基础上,论文以德国柏林中央车站和台北车站为案例进行了实证研究,验证了本文的有关结论。研究结论表明,德国联邦政府、柏林市政当局和德国铁路不惜花巨资在市中心新建中央车站,以及台北市政府投入大量资金将台北车站和市区内的铁路线路一并进行地下化改造,都是为了满足运输业发展对铁路客站所提出的相应要求的必然结果,即为了最大限度地提高客站的交通区位性能,进而充分发挥其对交通资源的整合作用,并最终达到提高网络效率的目的。最后,论文从目前我国铁路客站建设实践及相关发展规划入手,针对铁路客站发展过程中所面临的实际问题,利用本文所提出的理论框架进行分析和解释,并从提高大型铁路客站交通区位性能的角度提出了相应的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the economic development and the urbanization process speeding up, the transport network has been developed in the stage where the node (hub) determine the network efficiency in a large degree, and the focus of its development was also changed from the lines and corridors between cities and regions to the problems of connective which in the nodes, and the focus of planning and design, the more and more technology and funds were also transferred to the construction on the nodes and hubs. In such trend and background, in order to improve the efficiency of the transport network there was an inherent requirement for the nodes (hubs), at this point, the nodes (hubs) must be change their own forms to adapt themselves to such a request.With the development of transport network, the problem of integrative efficiency which the nodes (hubs) to the transport resources more and more became the issues whom were common concerned. Including the large railway passenger station, the transportation hubs inherently have the effects that integrate the transport resources because of its function, and the integrative efficiency to the transport resources is the key factor to determine the level of the transport networks efficiency. So we must fully understand that the large railway passenger stations and the transportation hubs and so on are the core resources in the system of the transport resources, moreover, with the development of the transport network focus on its nodes, it will become increasingly prominent.On the basis of confirm that the large railway passenger station is the core resources, the paper used the transport location theory, complete transport products theory, economies of transport network theory and transport resources theory, analyzed the related issues to the integration efficiency, and the main results of the paper as below:Firstly, the paper presents the concept of the "transport location performance", and constructs a model to explain the relationship between the integrative efficiency and the large railway passenger station’s transport location performance. The paper considers that the inherent function of the large railway passenger station is the basic condition to improve the network efficiency, and the major factors which determine the large railway passenger station’s transport location performance, including the location of the large railway passenger station, the transportation method structure which connected with the large railway passenger station, the scale, the reasonable degree of the structural design and the soft resources integrated degree such as information, operating organizations, management system, are the decisive factors which the large railway passenger can be fully exerted the integrative effect.Secondly, this paper constructs a model about the relationship between the integrative effect and the network efficiency. The paper considers that improve the large railway passenger station’s transport location performance can improve the integrative effect, and to be represented as improving the coupling degree of resources allocation, transportation product quality and the economies of network to improve the network efficiency. The paper considers that improve the integrative efficiency, on the view of resources inputting, which is improving the coupling degree of resources during the process of forming the transport location of the large railway passenger station; on the perspective of transport demanding, which is providing passengers with a more high-quality and efficient transfer service, such as safe, convenient, comfortable, fast, seamless connectivity, zero-distance transfer, zero-waiting time and so on; on the perspective of transport supply, which is improving the economies of network and outstanding representing to improve the economies of capacity of a spot in a network, economies of traffic density, economies of fleet size and economies of size.Thirdly, based on the theoretical analysis of above, the paper takes the Berlin Central Station in Germany and the Taipei Railway station as the cases to the empirical study, and verifies the conclusions of this paper. The conclusion of the study shows that, the German federal government, Berlin municipal authorities and German railroad put a huge sum of money to built the central station and the Taipei city government used a lots of money to put its central station and the downtown’s railroads underground, are precisely in order to adapt the request which is the development of transport network for railway stations, that is improving its transport location performance, then improving the integrative effect, and improving the network efficiency at last.Finally, the paper points out the questions that we have been faced during the process of planning and construction of our country’s railway passenger station, and analysis the related issues which using the theory and the model that the paper presented, and also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions in order to improve the integrative efficiency.更多还原