【作者】 刘殊芳；

【导师】 黄新宪；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 教育史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 历史上,闽南人移民台湾的最早记载是在唐宋时期。这一时期,一些闽南人自发移居到台湾的澎湖列岛。清代,汉人开始大量移垦台湾,闽南人在此时成为开垦的主力之一,进而落地生根。随着台湾的日益开发和社会经济的发展,这些新移民家族得到了迅速的繁衍和拓展。闽南人移居台湾后逐步形成家族,虽然刚移民时仍多以垦殖、农耕为业,但家业稳定后,即开始重视族中子弟的培养。清代及清代以前来台的闽南移民,大多是社会中下阶层的民众,家乡生活清苦,知识有限,但经过原乡文教大环境的熏陶,带来了闽南的传统习俗与文化信仰。他们大多注重子弟的教育问题,有能力者延请内地名师于自家设立书院施教,亦有设立私塾聘请先生设教,以让子弟有机会受教育。地方士子也依家族、村庙兴学设教。由此,清代闽南移民家族教育初步形成。闽南移民家族教育从学校形式来看,主要是社学、义学、私塾与书院等类型。非学校形式的家族教化方面,主要有文教祭祀和族训、家规教育。闽南移民家族教育的主要场所以私塾为主,台北府、台湾府、台南府及台东直隶州的移民家族教育发展状况不一样。不同的移民家族发展家族教育的形式各异,如竹堑郑氏家族通过明志书院培养族中子弟、板桥林家通过设立大观义学对子弟进行教育,张士箱家族对科举教育的重视。这些,都是较为成功的典型个案。闽南移民家族教育对于个人与社会,发挥了提高族中子弟的知识水平和修养、提升家族社会经济地位、传递中原文化传统、促进文治社会形成等正面的功能,但也存在着思想受到箝制、沦为科举附庸、教学肤浅僵化、师资素质不齐等问题。闽南移民家族教育对台湾社会的影响,主要表现在延续原乡的家族传统、促进重读之风的形成,加速文运的提升,形成有影响力的士绅阶层。更多还原

【Abstract】 Historically, it was recorded that Minnan( southern Fujian) people started immigrating to Taiwan as early as in the Tang and Song Dynasties, when some people spontaneously moved to Taiwan’s Penghu Islands. While Han Chinese people began to move to Taiwan in a large number and reclaimed it in the Qing Dynasty, in which Taiwanese people become one of the main cultivating forces, and then took root there. With the increasing development of Taiwan and the development of social economy, these new immigrant families obtained a rapid reproduction and expansion. Taiwanese people gradually formed families after moving to Taiwan, though they mostly lived on Husbandry and farming when they just immigrated there. As soon as they settled, they began to attach great importance to their children’s education. Taiwanese immigrants in the Qing Dynasty and before, were mostly from lower-middle class of society, led an impoverished life in their homeland with knowledge limited. while influenced by the original rural culture and education, they brought the Taiwanese traditional custom and cultural beliefs. Most of them focused on the children’s education. Some were able to set up their own Colleges to invite the Mainland famous teachers, and some introduced the President to employ school-based education, in order to allow children access to education. Local Scholars also set schools in the family or the village temple. Thus, the family education of Minnan immigrants came into being in the Qing Dynasty.There are mainly such types of family education of Minnan immigrants in the form of school as community schools, free schools, private schools and academies while for non-school family education, there are Religious, sacrifice and ethnic culture education, family rules education. Minnan immigrants education existed mainly in private schools and developed differently in different counties such as Taipei, Taiwan, Tainan and Taidong. The forms of family education vary as different immigrant families, such as Family Cheng in Hsinchu set up Mingzhi(it means showing one’s ideal) College for children’s education, Family Lin in Panchiao set up free schools named Daguan( it means grand sight in English) for the children’s education, and Family Zhangshi attached great importance to the civil service exam. These are all typical of quite successful cases.Minnan immigrants continued. Minnan immigrants’ family education played a positive role for both individuals and the whole society in improving children’s knowledge and self-cultivation, enhancing socio-economic status of the family, passing the Central Plains culture and traditions and promoting the formation of civilized society, but it also brought about the problems such as limiting thoughts, the civil service exam vassal, superficial and rigid teaching, irregular quality for teaching faculty. Family education of Taiwanese immigrants had the impact on Taiwan’s society, which found expression mainly in continuing their original family heritage, promoting high value on learning, accelerating the social style enhancement and promoting the influential gentry class coming into being.更多还原