【作者】 马成有；

【导师】 曹剑峰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 地下水资源是水资源系统中最重要组成部分。近年来,由于各种人为因素和自然因素等影响,地下水严重污染。因此,采取有效措施,保护地下水,严格控制和预防地下水污染,满足人类生存、生活、生产、发展等需求具有重要的意义。地下水环境质量评价就是评价地下水的质量状况,及时发现水质污染并采取防治措施,这是一项基础性、前期性工作。我国的地下水环境质量评价工作开展较晚,因此,需要一套准确、简便、实用、有效的地下水环境质量评价方法,定性或定量来描述地下水环境质量现状,为地下水资源规划、管理及污染治理提供有力依据。有利于建立地下水环境污染预警系统,保障人水和谐。本文以建立科学、合理的地下水环境质量评价方法为目的,做如下研究:第一、对综合指数法中具有代表性的“尼梅罗综合污染指数”进行两次改进,以期望得到一种客观、准确、实用的地下水环境质量评价综合指数方法。从水环境质量评价中权重和极值两个重要的两个因素出发,建立了改进及再改进公式,确定了优化、分配权重的原则,合理地划分污染等级。三位一体构建了尼梅罗综合污染指数法用于地下水环境质量评价的完整体系,以磐石市地下水环境质量为例进行了评价、分析。第二、针对神经网络方法在地下水环境质量评价中的不足,将系统聚类与神经网络有机结合起来,提出系统聚类——神经网络耦合模型,并采用了新的网络评价标准——逼近度,以此确定适合的系统精度,即神经网络学习结束的目标函数值,提高神经网络的学习速率和预报精度。第三、改变传统学习样本的创建模式,在一定相对误差范围内扩增学习样本的数量,保证了学习样本的代表性、充分性,提高网络预报的精度,为正确评价打下基础。最后,对地下环境质量评价的发展趋势做了分析及并提出了相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is the most widely distributed on the earth. It is not only a matter of natural resources,but also an important strategic resources. It is lifeline of human survival and the development of social production、to realize the sustainable development of the foundation and the core of environmental problems and development issues. The groundwater resource is an important part of water resources system. Therefore, there is an important significance for taking effective measures to protect the groundwater, strictly controling and preventing of groundwater pollution, satisfying human survival and development, the production and the life.The groundwater environmental quality evaluation is that water pollution and protective measures, this is a fundamental, fist work. Is the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources and protection of groundwater environment, one of the important tasks.The groundwater environmental quality evaluation is evaluation of groundwater quality condition and timely finding water pollution and protective measures. This is a fundamental、prospective work;premise of rational development and utilization of groundwater resources and also one of the important tasks of protection groundwater environment.Our country groundwater environmental quality assessment work is the latter and need further perfecting the quality evaluation method.Therefore, it is necessary to a set of accurate and simple, practical and effective groundwater environmental quality assessment methods. The set method can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze groundwater environmental quality situation and future trends of development and provide powerful foundation for groundwater resource planning, management and governance pollution. To set up groundwater pollution, water security warning system. It is beneficial to set up warning system of groundwater quality and pollution and ensure harmony of people and water.The paper mainly studies and research results are as follows:Based on the dialectical analysis of the traditional Nemero synthesizing pollution index method,from the water environmental quality assessment of weight and extreme two important factors,this paper makes the improvement of the traditional Nemero synthesizing pollution index method,determine the optimal allocation of weight, weight method, find out the maximum and times larger values by a standard for principle of bigger harmfulness and more strict request of pollution factor,the smaller standard limits and greater weight.Designate some kind of water body standard from the national newest promulgation water environment quality standard (GB/T14848-93) and choose pollution factor which is same with the testing water body sample, and designate that the water body is a datum, calculate the Nemero integrated pollution index of other kind of standard water body to realize the sole pollution degree digit indexing. The Nemero integrated pollution index of the selected benchmark water bodies is1. Similarly, calculate Nemero integrated pollution index of the testing water basing on the selected standard benchmarks and evaluate the water quality under test.The partition pollution levels and evaluation method have identity, flexibility and the body without the number of restrictions of pollution factor to develop standards which can be divided into what kind of grades.From the new improved formula of improvement and determined to pollute gradation and realize evaluation,we more scientifically and reasonable construct a comprehensive Nemero pollution index for groundwater environmental quality assessment of complete system. The model is applied to PanShiShi groundwater environmental quality and is more objective than traditional method.In recent years, neural network in the field of water environmental quality assessment, there are many applications,but also exists some problems, such as the study sample learning for a long time、no selectivity and fitting etc. We proposed Hierarchical clustering—Neural network coupling model by organic combination of Hierarchical clustering and Neural network,and use a new network evaluation standard to Determine the appropriate system accuracy. The model is applied to PanShiShi groundwater environmental quality and is more objective than traditional Neural network.In neural network, the most fundamental and most key problem is the study of the sample. We change the establishment model of traditional learning samples on water environmental quality assessment and augment learning sample number in some relative error range expansion to guarantee the learning samples representative, tolerance, and lay the foundation for the correct evaluation, also to the neural network in other fields of application provides a method to create learning samples, enlightenment and reference. We perfect through neural network from three aspects of amplification learning samples and coupling of system clustering method and neural network and introducing "approximation degree" this concept in the network evaluation and evaluate PanShiShi groundwater environmental quality with this method.The evaluation results of various methods are compared and analyzed, Advantages and disadvantages are pointed out;The conclusion and suggestion are given.In order to adapt to the need of human health life, to the harmony of human and nature, to the sustainable development of social economy, should accelerate standards for water environment quality and revision. Standard is the foundation and fundamental evaluation standard. We cannot evaluate without standard.The weight of the reasonable or not is the key to whether the evaluation results objectively. Determine the pollution factor weights of evaluation of groundwater environmental quality is an important research content. Many methods of determining weight related experts in the field, the method of counterpoising truly cannot be ignored.We should consider between pollution factors, the relationship between the correlation with a reflected in evaluation results.We strengthen scientific research, joint toxicity in water pollution factor for the level limit.Along with the development of science and technology, and the groundwater environmental quality assessment methods in the gradually study and the relevant new evaluation methods will continue to get development and utilization. The evaluation result will play more and more objective reality. The groundwater environmental quality assessment will develop into space by the time, from the static and dynamic development to the evaluation of development by timing to instantaneous evaluation. Thus all the groundwater environmental quality monitoring, provide data of the change. The groundwater environmental quality analysis laies a good foundation for the change trend of water environmental health, forecasting and warning.更多还原