【作者】 呼晓姝；

【导师】 王建中；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 元宝枫种仁油富含多种人体必需脂肪酸和脂溶性维生素,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达92%,尤其是神经酸的含量为5.52%,具有极高的保健作用。本文对元宝枫种仁油的提取及其神经酸的分离纯化进行了研究,为元宝枫种仁油和神经酸的开发利用提供了理论依据。本文的主要研究内容有:(1)对元宝枫翅果的水分含量、翅果出仁率和种仁含油量进行了动态分析;(2)采用索氏提取法、压榨法和超声波辅助提取法对元宝枫种仁油进行提取,并对其油脂的理化指标和脂肪酸组成进行了检测;(3)采用低温结晶法和分子蒸馏法对元宝枫种仁油混合脂肪酸中神经酸的分离纯化进行了研究。(4)以小鼠为试验动物,通过水迷宫和跳台试验对元宝枫油混合脂肪酸四级蒸馏产物改善记忆的功能进行了初步研究。研究结果如下:(1)北京顺义地区元宝枫种仁和油脂形成、累积过程从7月底开始,翅果出仁率和种仁含油率的高峰值均出现在10月底,此时翅果出仁率为34.75%,种仁含油量为46.69%,折合成翅果含油量为16.22%。因此,在北京顺义地区,元宝枫翅果适宜采收期为10月底。且在此时期翅果水分含量在8%～9%,较适宜油脂的提取及开发利用。(2)三种提取方法中超声波辅助提取法的提取效果较为理想,其优化工艺条件为:提取溶剂为石油醚,超声功率为80 W,超声时间为50 min,料液比为1:16,提取3次,提取得率为37.02%。用压榨法制取的元宝枫种仁油其理化指标和脂肪酸组成成分和文献值基本相符,其中北京顺义地区元宝枫种仁油中神经酸的含量(6.07%)较云南地区元宝枫种仁油中的含量(5.52%)高约10%,是提取开发神经酸的有利资源。(3)两种分离方法中分子蒸馏法的分离效果较好。采用刮膜式分子蒸馏器得到适宜的分离条件为:系统压力0.1Pa;蒸馏温度112℃～115℃;进料温度60℃;进料速率25 mL/h～40 mL/h;刮膜器转速300 r/min。经过四级分子蒸馏,可以将原料中的神经酸由原来的6.07%提纯至41.62%,含量提高到原来的7倍,质量收率为36.5%。为了获得较高纯度和质量收率的神经酸,应用响应面分析法(response surfaceanalysis)对第三级蒸馏的操作参数进行优化,经SAS软件分析所得第三级分子蒸馏优化条件为:采用刮膜式分子蒸馏器,系统压力0.1 Pa,蒸馏温度114.5℃,进料温度60℃,进料速率12 mL/h,刮膜器转速295 r/min。经过三级蒸馏即可将原料中的神经酸由最初的6.07%提纯浓缩至39.02%,含量提高到原含量的近6.5倍,质量收率为66.6%。(4)通过对元宝枫种仁油混合脂肪酸四级蒸馏产物进行的小鼠水迷宫和跳台试验,可以初步认定其中神经酸对小鼠的记忆有不同程度地改善。在水迷宫试验中,各级蒸馏产物的各剂量组对小鼠的空间记忆,工作记忆以及空间辨别能力的改善较为显著;在跳台试验中,有6个剂量组对小鼠的学习和记忆过程影响比较明显,其它剂量组的效果不明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seed oil of Acer truncatum Bunge is rich in fatty acids that are essential to human beings’ body and fat-soluble vitamins, up to 92 % and 5.52 % of which is unsaturated fatty acids and nervonic acid respectively. It has a very beneficial effect on human health. Extraction of seed oil of Acer truncatum Bunge and separation and purification of nervonic acid was studied in this thesis in order to provide a theoretical basis for exploitation and utilization of seed oil of Acer truncatum Bunge and nervonic acid.The following research contents were studied in this thesis: (1) Moisture content, kernel content and oil content in seed kernel of Acer truncatum Bunge samara was dynamically analyzed; (2) Seed oil of Acer truncatum Bunge was extracted by employing the methods of soxhlet extraction, pressing and ultrasound-associated extraction and its physical-chemical indicators and fatty acid components were detected; (3) Separation and purification of nervonic acid in mixed fatty acids of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil was studied by employing the methods of low-temperature crystallization and molecular distillation; (4) The functionality of memory improving of four-level distillation products of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil mixed fatty acids was preliminarily studied through mice water labyrinth and jumping test.The results are as follows:(1) The formation and accumulation process of seed kernel and oil of Acer truncatum Bunge in Beijing Shunyi starts at the end of July, and the peak values of kernel content in samara and oil content in seed kernel both occur at the end of October, when the kernel content in samara is 34.75 % and the oil content in seed kernel is 46.69 %, which is equal to the 16.22 % oil content in samara. Therefore, the end of October is the suitable harvest time of Acer truncatum Bunge samara in Beijing Shunyi. At the same time the moisture content of samara is from 8 % to 9 %, which it is quite suitable for the extraction, exploitation and utilization of seed oil.(2) The extracting effect of ultrasound-associated extraction is better than the other two extracting methods, and the optimal extracting parameters are: the extracting solvent petroleum ether, the ultrasonic power 80 W, the ultrasonic time 50 min, the ratio of material to liquid 1:16 and extracting 3 times, the rate of extracting yield 37.02 %. The physical-chemical indicators and fatty acid components of seed oil by pressing are similar to literature values. Besides, the nervonic acid content of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil in Beijing Shunyi (6.07 %) is 10% higher than that in Yunnan (5.52 %). Therefore, Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil is a favorable resource for extracting and exploiting nervonic acid.(3) The separating effect of molecular distillation is the better one between the two separating methods, and the appropriate separating condition obtained by using wiped-film molecular distillation is: system pressure 0.1 Pa, distillation temperature 112℃～115℃, feed temperature 60℃, feed rate 25 mL/h～40 mL/h, and the wiper rolling speed 300 r/min. The purity of nervonic acid can be increased from 6.07 % to 41.62 % through four steps molecular distillation. The content is seven times as much as the original one and yield is 36.5 %.The optimal condition of the third step which was optimized by using response surface analysis in order to obtain a higher purity and yield of nervonic acid and analyzed by SAS software is: using wiped-film molecular distillation, system pressure 0.1 Pa, distillation temperature 114.5℃, feed temperature 60℃, feed rate 12 mL/h, and the wiper rolling speed 295 r/min. The purity rate of nervonic acid can be increased from 6.07 % to 39.02 %. The content is nearly 6.5 times as much as the original one and yield is 66.6 %.(4) It is preliminarily shown that nervonic acid can improve the memory of mice in varying degrees through water labyrinth and jumping testing of four level distillation products of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil mixed fatty acids. In water labyrinth test, each dosage group of distillation product in each level can significantly improve space and working memory and the ability to identify space. In the jumping test, the influence of 6 dosage groups on the process of mice’s learning and memorizing is comparatively obvious, while that of the other groups is not obvious.更多还原