【作者】 王勇；

【导师】 孙向阳；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态环境工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 土壤分类是土壤调查制图的基础,农业技术转让的依据,环境质量评价的因素,同样也是土壤信息的载体和土壤知识传播的媒介,具有重要的意义。本研究以位于北京西山的鹫峰国家森林公园为研究样区,在土壤外业剖面调查和室内土壤样品理化性质分析的基础上,应用中国土壤系统分类(CST)的理论和方法对样区内的土壤进行了山地林业土壤基层分类研究。同时,参照《土壤发生与系统分类》所列出的《中国土壤》土类参比对样区内的土壤系统分类土类进行了参比分析。主要研究结果如下:1根据中国土壤系统分类的方法,将研究样区土壤按系统分类检索出了2个土纲,2个亚纲,3个土类,3个亚类,6个土族,8个土系。其中,依据《中国土壤系统分类》(第三版)确定的高级单元诊断指标,划分出的2个土纲为淋溶土和雏形土,2个亚纲为干润淋溶土和干润雏形土,3个土类为简育干润淋溶土,简育干润雏形土,铁质干润雏形土;3个亚类为普通简育干润淋溶土,普通简育干润淋雏形土,石质铁质干润雏形土。划分出的6个土族为壤质长石型温性普通简育干润淋溶土,壤质长石混合型温性普通简育干润淋溶土,壤质长石型温性普通简育干润雏形土,粗骨—壤质长石型温性普通简育干润雏形土,粗骨—壤质长石混合型温性普通简育干润雏形土,粗骨—壤质长石型温性石质铁质干润雏形土;8个土系为萝芭地下坑系,云岫亭系,山神庙系,老龙背系,五龙泉系,寨尔峪系,金仙庵系,北尖系等8个土系。2将按照中国系统分类划分出的3个土类与土壤发生与系统分类、美国土壤系统分析和世界资源参比基础对样区内的土壤系统分类土类进行了参比,并将参比之后的结果进行分析,以图更好的利用前人的研究资料与国际进行交流。3通过对样区内检索出的铁质干润雏形土和典型铁质干润雏形土的对比发现,本样区并不属于铁质干润雏形土的分布范围,但古红土的存在导致检索出铁质干润雏形土,建议在“中国土壤系统分类”中加以说明或在干润雏形土亚纲下新建立一个“古红土干润雏形土”土类。4通过对样区内北尖以北、沐容亭下棕壤和褐土两个典型剖面点的土壤薄片微形态分析发现:北尖以北地区的土壤腐殖化程度较高,高度腐殖化的有机物与粘粒结合能形成良好的团聚体,粗骨骼颗粒和粘土物质比例得当,孔隙度良好,发育稳定,保水和保肥性能良好,土壤总体评价高;沐容亭下地区土壤有机物含量多,但腐殖化程度较低,并且粗骨粒粒径和含量均比北尖以北地区高出很多,粘粒物质很少,且矿物形状、大小和分布毫无规律,表明其物理结构性差,有可能经过人为扰动,致使土层混乱。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil classification is the base of survey mapping,the basis of Agricultural techniques transferring,the factor of environmental quality assessment,and also is the vector of the soil information and the media soil knowledge spreading.According to subgroup classification in China Soil Taxonmy,the subgroup "lithic-Hopli-Ustic Cambosols" is newly added and its indexing indicators are identified. Soil in the sample area is further divided into two soil orders,two suborders,three soil groups,four subgroups,six soil families and eight soil series.According to diagnostic indicators of higher categories in Key to Chinese Soil Taxonmy(3^rd edition),two soil orders are Alifisoil and Cambisol,two suborders are Ustic Argosols and Ustic Cambosols, three soil groups are Hopli-Ustic Argosols,Hopli-Ustic Cambosols and Freei-Ustic Vambosols,and four soil subgroups are typic Hopli-Ustic Cambosols,typic Hopli-Ustic Cambosols,lithic Hopli-Ustic Cambosols and lithic Ferri- Ustic Cambosols.Basic categorizes of soil classification include soil families and soil series.Four subgroups are sub-divided into six soil families.They are loamy feldspar mesic typic hopli-usticArgosols, loamy mixed-feldspar mesic typic Hopli-Ustic Argosols,loamy mixed-feldspar mesic typic Hopli-Ustic Cambosols,skeletal-loamymixed-feldsparmesic lithic hopli-ustic Cambosols, loamy feldspar mesic lithic hopli-usticCambosols and skeletal-loamy feldspar mesic lithic ferri-ustic Cambosolsrespectively.Eight soil series are named by the location of representative soil profiles,including Luobadixiakeng series,Yunxiuting series, Shanshenmiao series,Laolongbeiseries,Wulongquan series,Zhaieryu series and Jinxianan series,Beijian series.By comparing the three soil groups divided according the CST with the soil groups in the Soil Genesis,the ST and the WRB,the results of confrontation are analysed to make use of heretofore data.Comparing the Ferri-Ustic Vambosols and the typical Ferri-Ustic Vambosols,it can be found that this research area does not belong to the distribution range of Ferri-Ustic Vambosols.But because of the appearance of archaic red soil,the Ferri-Ustic Vambosols was searched in this area.It is suggested that the "Red soil-Ustic Vambosols" should be founded as a soil group in the CST.Through the analysis on the micro-morphology characteristics of Soil thin section from the two sections:northern tip of the sample area and Mu Rong-ting point,conclusion was been made as follows:the area north of the north tip has a high degree of soil humus, making organic matter form a combination with clay easily.At the same time,we can make a high overall assessment on the soil,with a proper proportion of skeleton grains and clay material,fine soil porosity,stable soil development,good water retention and Paul fertilizer;Mu Rong-ting soil has a high content of organic matter,but the degree of humification is lower,and skeleton grain size and content are much higher,meanwhile,the very little clay material,the erratic mineral shape,size and distribution,indicate that the physical structural properties is poor,and maybe the soil was confused by the artificial disturbance.更多还原