【作者】 米金套；

【导师】 何平；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着人口、社会经济的不断发展,扩大社会生存和发展空间的诉求导致了很多城市城区面积的不断扩张和城市景观格局的变化。特别是象我国澳门特别行政区这样人多地少问题突出的城市和地区,城市景观格局的变化引起许多自然现象和生态过程的变化,直接影响到人类生存质量,所以研究城市景观演变及其对环境的影响,对于了解区域环境乃至全球环境变化具有重要意义。本研究以澳门城市景观格局变化与城区热岛分布为对象,基于遥感和GIS技术,提取城市扩张和生态的关键因子,分析澳门城市扩展过程中景观演变特征及其对城市温度异常的影响,为澳门城市规划和城市环境改善提供理论依据。本论文的主要研究内容包括:(1)城市景观遥感动态监测与景观格局分析;(2)城市热岛信息获取及动态变化分析;(3)城市景观格局变化对热岛效应的影响分析。本论文的研究结果表明:(1)多年的城市扩展和城区建设,使得澳门城市景观格局发生了较大的变化:城市景观破碎化,各景观要素斑块面积小,分布较均匀,景观间呈现出开放式分布格局;(2)根据热岛遥感反演结果,澳门城市热岛面积有逐渐增加的趋势:由1995年的2.91km~2增加到了2008年的4.03km~2,增加了38.5%,年变化率为2.6%左右;(3)澳门城市热岛的空间分布与城市下垫面类型的变化有着密切的关系:1995年以来,澳门城市热岛主要分布在澳门半岛城区的建筑用地区域,如花王堂区堂区中部、风顺堂区堂区北部、大堂区堂区西北角和东南部,以及澳门离岛的机场、路环发电厂,以及填海造陆的裸地、建筑用地区域。澳门在城市建设过程中,建筑用地、填海裸地的增加和植被覆盖的不足是城市热岛扩展的原因之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid developments of population and social economy, demans of extending land areas caused continuously sprawl of urban area and changes of landscape pattern. Urban landscape patterns change brought forth changes within many natural and ecological processes and influned human living quality, especially in the coastal urban areas with large population and less land area, such as Macau SAR in China. For these reasons, it is significant important to conduct study on the landscape pattern change and its influences on urban environment.Taking Macau landscape pattern change and urban heat island as a case in point, the objectives of this study is to probing the effect of sea reclamation on landscapepattern and urban heat island surported by information retrieved from remote sensed data, and present basis for urban planning and city environmental quality improvement. The main contents of this paper including: 1) Dynamic monitoring of urban landscape and analizing of landscape pattern. 2) Retrieval of urban heat island and its temporal change. 3) Analysis of the effect of landscape pattern change on the urban heat island distribution.The main findings of the study are as follows: 1) Urban landscape pattern in Macau has been changed obviously in recent years caused by sea reclamation and urban construction. The urban landscape became fragmentized and areas of each landscape types became decreased greatly. 2) According to retrieval results of remote sensing, the total area of urban heat island in Macau had been increased year by year. It had increased from 2.91 km~2 in 1995 to 4.03km~2 in 2008. The increase rate is about 2.6% per year. 3) The spatial distribution of urban heat island in Macau has a close relationship with urban landuse change caused by sea reclamation. The urban heat island mainly distributed in the construction regions, such as central part of Hua Wangtang district, north part of Feng Suntang district, airport, Luhuan power plant, bare land and construction sites caused by sea reclamation since 1995. Increasing of bare land and construction sites together with insufficient vegetation coverage are main reasons for urban heat island extension.更多还原