【作者】 高峰；

【导师】 梁茂信；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 世界史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 内战后至20世纪初,是美国最重要的历史发展阶段之一。在这一历史阶段,美国经历了由传统农业社会向现代工业社会的转变。经过这一社会转型,美国经济实力雄踞资本主义国家之首,也带来了美国社会各方面重大的变化。19世纪70年代开始,自从威廉·詹姆斯的系列演讲使实用主义第一次登上了美国社会舞台,并开创了真正意义上的美国哲学后,实用主义在美国社会产生了深远的影响。总的趋势是一切从现实需要出发,改造或摒弃陈腐的思想观念,以新的思想和方式解释历史和对待现实,以适应新的社会要求。随着实用主义的传播,它还超越了本土精神,升华为具有国际性意义的理论。本文通过对大量的相关中外文资料的分析研究,从美国的历史、十九世纪后期社会背景及欧洲社会思潮的影响等几个主要方面,结合詹姆斯生活经历,论述了詹姆斯的实用主义思想成因、特点及在美国经济、政治、法律、宗教、教育和文学思想领域的深远影响。全文由前言、正文、结论和参考文献四个部分组成。前言部分主要介绍了中美学术界对于詹姆斯实用主义思想的研究概况,简要介绍了笔者所采用的研究方法、理论依据等。正文共五章。第一章,首先追溯美国历史,回顾自殖民地时代以来特别是美国独立之后早期的奋斗历程,以及在此过程中形成的影响后来美国人的民族精神,其次介绍促成实用主义产生的“镀金时代”的社会背景。第二章,主要探讨了欧洲社会思潮的影响,包括实用主义产生前涌动的美国社会思潮,以及影响实用主义的欧洲社会思潮两个部分。第三章,通过对威廉·詹姆斯人生经历和当时由具有新思想的知识精英组成的团体“形而上学俱乐部”的介绍,论述了实用主义的产生。第四章,论述了詹姆斯实用主义思想的理论实质及其对实用主义发展的理论贡献,并分析了詹姆斯实用主义思想的不足之处。第五章,探讨了詹姆斯实用主义观对社会的影响。论文着重阐释了实用主义对美国人价值观、美国外交思想、民主与法治、教育发展以及文学思想等方面的影响。可以说,实用主义是世界思想潮流与美国历史上形成的民族精神和镀金时代的社会背景相结合的产物。实用主义的出现迎合了时代潮流,也深刻地反映了美国人那种求实尚新的民族意识,产生后深深地渗入美国社会生活的各个方面,逐渐发展成为美国社会和文化事实上的主导精神。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the Civil War to the early 20th century, is one of the most important historical phases in American history. In the historical period, the U.S. experienced the changing period of social transition from the traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society. After the social transformation, the economic strength of the United States ranked first in the capitalist countries. And it brought about major changes in various aspects of American society. In the 1870’s, William James had a series of lectures help pragmatism standing on the stage of American society, and created a true sense philosophy of United States.Pragmatism has formed a profound impact on American society. The general trend of pragmatism is all from practical needs, transforming and abandoning the well-worn ideas, concepts. It is to interpret history and treat reality with new ideas and ways, adapting to new social demands. With the spread of pragmatism, it went beyond the local spirit to the level of international significance. In the thesis, a large number of the relevant original data and civil material have been analyzed and cited. It got material from the research of the United States history, social background of U.S. in the late 19th century, the impact of European social thought and combined with James’s life experiences, to discuss the causes of James’s pragmatism, the characteristics of the theory and far-reaching impact on the U.S. economy, politics, law, religion, education, literature and the ideological field.There are four parts in the thesis, the preface, body, conclusions and references. The introduction describes some of the major U.S. academic research ideas for James, briefly describes the research methods and theoretical basis used by the author and so on. In the first chapter, mainly traces American history, recalling life experiences of the early American history as well as the formation of the national spirit of U.S. It is followed by the social background of "Gilded Age" that pragmatism produced. Chapter II, which focuses on the impact of European social thought, including social thought surging in the United States before the formation of pragmatism, and the European social thought that have affected the pragmatism. Chapter III, through the introduction of William James’ life experience and the important organization "the metaphysical club"that composed by the excellent intellectual, to discuss the emergence of pragmatism. Chapter IV mainly discusses the essence of James’ pragmatic theory and his contribution to the development of pragmatic theory. There is an analysis of the shortcoming of the James’ pragmatism in it. Chapter V discusses the social impact of James’ Pragmatism on society. It focuses on the impact of pragmatism on the American social values, Foreign Policy, Democracy, the Law Thought, Education Development and the Literature Thinking etc. Pragmatism is the product of a combination of several aspects, including the national spirit came from the U.S. history, the social background of American Gilded Age and the European social thought trend. Pragmatism met the trend of the times, have profoundly reflected the national consciousness of American truth-seeking. It has deeply affected the national consciousness of United States, has deeply infiltrated in all aspects of social life, and gradually developed into the social and cultural dominant spirit of United States.更多还原