【作者】 仇方道；

【导师】 佟连军；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 适应性分析不仅是全球环境变化和可持续发展研究领域的一种有效分析工具,同时也为探讨产业生态系统的耦合作用机理-过程提供了一种新的研究范式。区域产业生态系统适应性体现了发展环境变化胁迫下产业系统的调整能力、学习能力、应变能力,以及在此基础上建构的再发展能力和动态竞争能力。因此,产业生态系统是区域可持续发展能力建设的载体和内容,其适应性增强的过程是区域可持续发展能力提升的过程,是区域可持续发展面临的重大科学问题。矿业城市形成、发展的资源高度依赖性,使其产业生态系统显示出强烈的产业与生态相互作用、相互制约特征,推进产业与生态协调发展成为矿业城市可持续发展面临的迫切问题。东北地区是中国矿业城市分布最为集中的地区之一,且大部分已进入资源开采中老年期,面对原有资源优势逐步丧失的现实,如何调整产业生态系统以适应已经和未来可能发生的变化,增强矿业城市可持续发展能力,成为振兴东北老工业基地面临的重大而急迫的课题。论文以东北地区14个矿业城市(地级市)为研究案例,采用适应性研究范式,在对东北矿业城市产业生态系统特征及发育程度深入分析的基础上,定量评价了东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应能力,揭示了其适应机制,进而提出了东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应模式和调控对策,主要研究内容如下:(1)在对适应性、产业生态系统、矿业城市等国内外研究进展进行梳理、分析的基础上,提出了矿业城市产业生态系统的概念及组成模型,认为矿业城市产业生态系统由资源环境系统、原生产业系统、外生产业系统和共生产业系统4个子系统组成。在此基础上,阐释了矿业城市产业生态系统适应性内涵及特征,并设计出包括适应对象、适应者和适应行为在内矿业城市产业生态系统适应性分析框架,为开展东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应性研究提供了理论和方法论支撑,奠定了本文的总体研究思路和框架。(2)在阐述东北矿业城市发展概况及趋势的基础上,从资源环境基础、经济体制和宏观战略环境3个方面深入分析了东北矿业城市产业生态系统发展环境变化趋势。进而分析了东北矿业城市产业生态系统的发展特征与演化阶段,认为,结构单一、资源消耗高、结构脆弱性和功能脆弱性显著是东北矿业城市产业生态系统的现状特征,并认为其发展大致经历了单一产业发展阶段、产业链发展阶段、产业简单网络化阶段、循环型产业网络发展阶段等4个发展阶段。在此基础上,定量评价了其发育程度,认为东北矿业城市产业生态系统整体发育水平比较低;从不同资源类型看,东北矿业城市产业生态系统发育水平呈现冶金类>综合类>煤炭类>石油类的类型分异特征;从不同发展阶段看,呈现由中年期到老年期再到幼年期城市逐次递减的演变趋势;从空间分布看,呈现由辽宁到吉林再到黑龙江的逐渐递减的变化趋势。为开展东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应能力评价、适应机制分析及适应模式和调控对策构建提供依据。(3)基于适应性要素、适应性目的和投入产出效率等不同视角分别构建了矿业城市产业生态系统适应能力评价模型,并分别从资源类型、发展阶段、城市规模、空间格局等方面刻画了东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应能力的类型分异特征与规律,并采用聚类分析方法,将东北矿业城市产业生态系统分为4种类型,即高适应能力,协调发展类型;中适应能力,基本协调类型;低适应能力,环境优先类型;中适应能力,环境优先类型。(4)分别从战略适应性机制、结构适应性机制和环境适应性机制等3个方面揭示了东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应性驱动机制,并从系统结构重组与优化视角,提出了东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应性模式,即产业拓展模式、产业革新模式和产业再生模式,且根据各模式的内涵,界定了各模式的适用范围。在此基础上,基于增强矿业城市产业生态系统适应能力之目的,提出东北矿业城市产业生态系统适应性调控对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Adaptation analysis is an effective tool not only for studying global environmental changes but also for studying sustainable development, and it also provides a new paradigm for the study of interaction mechanisms and processes of coupled industrial ecosystem. The adaptation of regional industrial ecosystem manifests the adjustment ability, learning ability and flexibility of industrial system under the pressure of development environmental changes as well as the redevelopment capacity and the dynamic competitiveness. Therefore, regional industrial ecosystem is the carrier and the content of regional sustainable development; the process of strengthening adaptable capacity means the process of promoting regional sustainable development, which constructs an important task for studying regional sustainable development. The formation and development of mining cities highly rely on natural resources, which endow their industrial ecosystem a remarkable characteristic of interacting and restricting between industry and ecology, and the harmonious development between them has become an urgent problem in the sustainable development of mining cities. There are a lot of mining cities in Northeast China, which approach their middle-age or old-age of resources exploitation. Facing with their disappearing superior status in resources, problems, such as how to adjust the industrial ecosystem to the possible changes in the future and how to enhance their sustainability in developing mining cities, become urgent in revitalizing the old industrial base of Northeast China.This dissertation makes a case study on 14 prefecture mining cities in Northeast China, by adopting the paradigm of adaptability study; then based upon a profound study on the features of their industrial ecosystem and mature degree, this dissertation makes quantitative study on their adaptable capacity of industrial ecosystem in Northeast China. Furthermore, it puts forward the adaptation mechanism, adaptation model and regulating strategies of mining cities in Northeast China. The main contents of the dissertation are as follows:Firstly, based on the survey and analysis of relevant researches on progress of adaptation, industrial ecosystem and mining cities at home and abroad, this dissertation defines an establishes the framework of industrial ecosystem in mining cities, which considers that the industrial ecosystem consists of four sub-systems --- resources-environmental system, original industrial system, ex-industrial system and synchronic industrial system. Then it explains the connotation and the characteristics of industrial ecosystem in mining cities, and configures an adaptation framework with adaptation objects, adaptation subjects and adaptation behavior involved. This part provides an instruction for adaptation analysis of industrial ecosystem in mining cities of Northeast China, which constitutes the overall guideline and framework of this dissertation.Secondly, this dissertation makes a profound study on the trend of industrial ecosystem changes based on the analysis of resources-environment basis, economic system and macroscopic strategic environment after an introduction to the survey and development trend of mining cities in Northeast China. Then it analyzes the development characteristics and the stages of these cities. The remarkable characteristics include the structure singleness, the highly resources consumption, the structure vulnerability and the function vulnerability. And the development stages of the industrial ecosystem have experienced the single industry, the industrial chain, the simple industrial network, and the network recycle industry. Based upon the above study, this dissertation appraises quantitatively its growth degree, and finds out the low development level of industrial ecosystem of mining cities in Northeast China. From the distribution of resources,the differentiation characteristic of industrial ecosystem of mining cities in Northeast China displays the features of metallurgy type> multi-resources type > coal type > petroleum type. From its stage of development, it shows a decreasing tendency from middle-aged stage, old stage to young stage. From the distribution of space, it shows the decreasing tendency from Liaoning province, Jilin province to Heilongjiang province. This part provides the evidence for adaptability appraisement, adaptation mechanism analysis, adaptation model and regulating strategies constructing the industrial ecosystem of mining cities in Northeast China.Thirdly, based on the aspects of adaptation factors, adaptation purpose and investment return, this dissertation establishes the appraisal model of adaptable capacity of industrial ecosystem in mining cities, and depicts the different characteristics and rules of the industrial ecosystem of mining cities in Northeast China from the aspects of resource types, development stages, city sizes and spatial distribution. Then a cluster analysis method is applied in this study to categorize the industrial ecosystems into four types --- high adaptability, harmonious development between industry and ecology, middle adaptability and roughly harmonious development between industry and ecology, low adaptable capacity and environmental development first, middle adaptability and lagged industrial development.Finally, in light of strategy adaptability mechanism, structure adaptability mechanism and environment adaptability mechanism, the dissertation proposes some adaptation driving mechanisms for the industrial ecosystem of mining cities in Northeast China, and from the perspective of structural reorganization and structural optimization, it also proposes the adaptability models of industrial ecosystem of mining cities in this region including industrial extended model, industrial reformation model and industrial regeneration model. And then according to the connotations of the different models, it defines the applicable scope of each model. Based upon the discussed above, strategies of each regulating mechanisms are presented for enhancing adaptability of mining cities.更多还原