【作者】 陈利顺；

【导师】 戴大双；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 能源对国家的经济发展和人民的生活有重要的影响。随着社会的发展进步,经济的不断增长,能源问题越来越受到世界的普遍关注。近年来我国居民能源消费量快速递增,成为能源消耗的主要增长点;同时我国正处于社会转型时期,城乡结构和居民消费结构的变化对我国未来的能源消费和生态环境保护将产生重要影响。为应对这些挑战,居民能源消费亟待科学地加以引导。以往关于居民能源问题的研究,往往聚焦于政府行为或者技术节能,忽视了居民在能源消费上的主体作用。另外,由于研究者研究领域的不同,研究中侧重的角度不同,对居民能源消费行为的研究不够全面,国内此类研究还很有限。针对以上背景,本研究设定了三个研究目标:(1)筛选并分类我国城市居民能源消费行为及其影响因素。(2)确定各种因素对居民实施能源消费行为的影响与作用。(3)验证情境结构因素对个人特征因素与能源消费行为关系的调节作用。三个目标逐步解析了各种影响因素对城市居民能源消费行为的作用机理以及构建起城市居民能源消费行为模型,从而为相关市政部门制定促进居民节能减排的政策法规提供决策参考。本研究将我国居民能源消费行为划分为选择性能源消费行为和习惯性能源消费行为两类,习惯性能源消费行为具体包括家庭能源行为、公共场所能源行为和交通能源行为三类;从个体、家庭和环境三个层次归纳城市居民能源消费行为的影响因素:个人特征因素、生活方式因素和情境结构因素。调查研究以大连为例,选取大连市城市居民作为研究对象,采用文献探讨、访谈和问卷调查等方式构建研究架构和获取调研数据;主要得到三组结论:(1)不同的习惯性能源消费行为和选择性能源消费行为的主要影响因素存在差异;个人特征因素中关注度、责任感、能源知识和生态中心价值观与三种习惯能源消费行为都相关;生活方式因素之习惯心理与三种习惯性能源消费行为均不显著相关;个人特征因素中责任感、购买知识和经济中心价值观与四种选择性能源消费行为相关;生活方式因素中家庭结构与四种选择性能源消费行为相关,情境结构因素中的政策法规与两类能源消费行为均不相关。(2)个人特征因素对习惯性能源消费行为的预测力最大,情境结构因素对选择性能源消费行为的预测力最大;(3)情境结构因素既是能源消费行为的影响因素又是个人特征因素对能源消费行为影响力的调节变量;对于习惯性能源消费行为,实施该行为是否方便省时是最重要的调节变量:而对于选择性能源消费行为,宣传教育和社会规范的力量是最重要的调节变量。而宣传及社会规范的调节作用对两类能源消费行为都具有普遍效果。本研究理论贡献在于开发本领域研究的中国本土化测量量表,解决目前国内此类研究不足、缺乏本土化测量工具的问题;综合微观和宏观研究视角,吸收社会心理学、社会学的研究所长,归纳总结出城市居民能源消费行为的影响因素集;构建居民能源消费行为模型,深刻剖析行为的形成机理,考察行为的驱动力和行为改变的原因,有助于基础性研究成果转化为对管理政策制定的应用性指导。本研究的实践意义在于发现我国居民能源消费行为引导政策的缺失,提出尽快出台具有针对性的引导政策;证实了能源知识、道德责任感和价值观和社会宣传及规范对各类能源消费行为具有重要作用,提出通过宣传教育,建立有益环境的公民责任感和价值观,形成正确的社会规范;证明了家庭层面的因素对我国居民能源消费行为的重要影响,从而指出重视家庭的作用,倡导绿色家庭,培养节能的生活习惯和方式:验证了创造利于居民实施能源消费行为的“情境”的重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Energy has great impact on national economic development and people’s life. With the social advance and economic continuous development, energy problem has more and more attracted extensive attention worldwide. In recent years residential energy consumption in our country has increased rapidly and become a key growth point for energy consumption. Now China is in the social transition period, when the changes of urban and rural structure and residential consumption structure have an important influence on the future energy consumption and environmental protection. To meet these challenges, residential energy consumption should be guided scientifically. The past studies in this field always focused on government behavior or conservation by technologies, while ignored the principal part of residents on the issue of energy consumption. In addition, for the diversity of study fields and perspectives, the recent studies on residential energy consumption behavior are not in-depth and domestic studies are absent.With the background, three research goals are set up, (1) to screen out and categorize urban residential energy consumption behavior and its influencing factors; (2) to confirm the impact and function of various factors on urban residential energy consumption behavior; (3) to validate the moderating effect of situational structure factors on the relation of individual characteristics factors and energy consumption behaviors. These three goals gradually resolve the functioning mechanism of various influencing factors on energy consumption behavior and build up the model of urban residential energy consumption behavior, and consequently provide reference for correlated governmental departments making polices and regulations to promote residents to lower energy consumption and reduce pollutants.The dissertation classifies Chinese residential energy consumption behavior into two categories, selective energy consumption behavior and habitual energy consumption behavior. Selective energy consumption behavior includes home energy behavior, public energy behavior and transportation energy behavior. From individual, family and situation three levels, the influencing factors are concluded into individual characteristics factors, life style factors and situational structure factors. With Dalian as example and urban residents in Dalian as study object, the study constructs research framework and obtain data by literature review, interview and questionnaire survey. There are three principal conclusions:(1)different kinds of habitual energy consumption behavior and selective energy consumption behavior have different influencing factors; concern, responsibility, knowledge and ecological centric value relate with three kinds of habitual energy consumption behavior; habitual mentality of life style factors relate with none of three kinds of habitual energy consumption behavior; responsibility, knowledge and economic centric value of individual characteristics factors relate with four kinds of selective energy consumption behavior; family structure of life style factors relates with four kinds of selective energy consumption behavior; and policy and regulation of situational structure factors relates with neither of habitual or selective energy consumption behavior.(2) Individual characteristics factors have the strongest predicting power for habitual energy consumption behavior; while situational structure factors have the strongest predicting power for selective energy consumption behavior.(3) Situational structure factors are both the influencing factors of energy consumption behavior and the moderator for the relation of individual characteristics factors and energy consumption behaviors. For habitual energy consumption behavior, it is the most important moderator that if it is convenient and saving-time as behaving; while for selective energy consumption behavior, the effect of education and social norms is the most important moderator. At the same time, the moderating effect of education and social norms works on both two categories of behaviors.The theoretical contributions of the dissertation lie in the following findings, firstly developing local measurement scales so to resolve the shortage of studies in this field and local measuring tools in China; secondly with both micro and macro perspectives drawing advantages from social psychology and sociology to conclude the influencing factors assembly of urban residential energy consumption behavior; thirdly constructing the model of energy consumption behavior to analyze deeply the behavior’s formation mechanism, which helps the transition from fundamental study findings into applicable instructions for policy making.The practical values are to point out it is urgent to come out with specific guiding policies as finding out the lack of guiding policies for urban residential energy consumption behavior in China; to testify the important impact of knowledge, responsibility, values and education and norms on various energy consumption behaviors, and further propose that by education and promotion to build up positive citizen responsibility and values and form proper social norms; to testify the significant influence of factors from family level on residential energy consumption behavior, and consequently indicate paying attention to the impact of family, advocating green family and cultivating life style and habits of energy conservation; otherwise, prove the significant meaning of creating favorable situation for residents doing energy consumption behavior.更多还原