【作者】 杨佳；

【导师】 王红玲；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 农村土地承包经营权的流转,是指拥有农地承包经营权的农户将土地经营权让渡给其他农户或经济组织,即农户保留土地的承包权,让渡土地的经营权。农村土地承包经营权的流转,是生产力发展到一定阶段的产物,是农村经济发展和现代农业发展的客观要求,也是农业结构调整和农村劳动力转移的必然趋势。加快农地流转,实现土地的规模经营,是建立高效的土地承包经营关系本身的要求,也是在坚持农村土地集体所有的基础上,最大限度发挥土地效用的手段。从第一个延长农村土地承包期的文件——1984年中央“一号文件”出台,到2003年《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》(以下简称《农村土地承包法》)的实施,再到2007年《物权法》的颁布,这个阶段农村土地承包经营权流转市场在全国各地逐步建立和发展。进入21世纪以来,推动农地流转的相关政策和法律法规不断出台和完善,尤其“全面免征农业税”等一系列的农村税费改革理论上对加快农村土地承包经营权流转市场的发展产生有力的推动,但事实上并没有取得预期显著的效果,与此同时农地的流转却出现了新的变化和特点。在新的政策环境下,推动农村土地承包经营权自愿、合理、有偿、有序流转,建立和完善农村土地承包经营权的流转市场,具有重大的现实意义。研究结果对进一步促进农村生产要素的优化重组,实现农业规模化、集约化经营,提高土地利用率和农业生产效益,促进农业产业结构战略性调整和农业产业化经营水平的提高有一定的理论指导意义;对于促进农村社会稳定,发展现代农业,加快建设社会主义新农村,也具有一定的现实意义。本研究在综合国内外已有研究成果的基础上,借鉴农业经济学、产权经济学、新制度经济学、政治经济学、计量经济学等理论和方法,从不同角度度对制约农村土地承包经营权流转市场发育的原因进行理论和实证分析,按照“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题→研究总结”的思路来设计整体的研究框架。论文安排6个部分7个章节,通过解析农村税费改革以后农村土地承包经营权流转呈现的现状和特点,试图建立一般市场均衡的分析框架,从农村土地承包经营权流转的供给和需求的角度分析制约承包经营权流转市场发育的主要因素。基于本文的调查数据,实证研究从流转的主体——农民的角度以农户为单位进行,对分别影响农户转出和转入农地意愿的假设因素进行了实证检验。最后,得出本文的研究结论并提出相应的观点和建议。本文的主要研究内容如下:第一部分,即第1章,主要内容是综述已有的研究成果,并对进入新世纪以来,尤其是对《农村土地承包法》的基本精神和农村税费改革后农地流转的新形势、新条件进行了简要分析。已有的研究成果对于探索我国未来农地承包经营权的改革和加快土地承包经营权更大规模的流转具有指导和借鉴意义。第二部分,即第2章,述评相关的理论基础。这部分主要对农地承包经营权流转的相关“基础理论”进行述评,分别有产权理论、制度变迁理论、地租与地价理论、土地市场理论以及农业规模经营理论。这一部分通过对这些理论的梳理和评述,为整篇文章的研究作理论铺垫。第三部分,包括第3章和第4章。这一部分概述全国和湖北省农村土地承包经营权流转市场的现状和比较显著的特征,对土地承包经营权流转市场的发展规模与趋势进行论证,并就农地流转、农地的规模经营和武汉市正在进行的都市农业建设进行了一些思考和探索。税费改革之后,全国农村土地承包经营权流转市场的突出特点有:农地流转的规模扩大,速度加快;流转的地域范围扩张明显,但地区之间发展不平衡;流转形式不断创新;参与农村土地承包经营权流转的主体呈现多元化;流转的中介服务体系逐步建立。同时,也出现了一些新的情况和问题,如农村土地承包经营权流转市场的发育程度仍然比较低下,流转的主要类型仍是农户的自发流转;全面免征农业税并且直接对农户实施“种粮补贴”等支农惠农政策后,农地流转纠纷却不断增加,阻碍了农地流转的加快。通过对湖北省农地流转进行实地调查,并且在一般市场均衡的框架下考量承包经营权流转的市场后发现,武汉市和湖北省农村土地承包经营权流转市场同样具备全国流转市场的主要特征,即农地流转市场的“二元化”特征显著,农地的供求均非常有限,以及农地承包经营权流转市场将在未来一段较长时期内“低水平波动”发展。第四部分,包括第5章,理论分析制约农地流转的主要因素。这一部分从农村土地的产权、土地制度的变迁、地租地价以及承包经营权流转市场均衡的角度分别剖析了制约农村土地承包经营权流转市场发育的因素。在对农村土地承包经营权流转市场的有效供给和有效需求不足的原因进行分析时,我们首创地提出了农地市场的供求存在“双重有限性约束”的观点。第五部分,包括第6章,影响农户农地流转因素的实证检验。这部分的研究基于我们对湖北省武汉市和襄樊市总计410个农户的问卷调查结果。从农户的角度进行考量,我们假设了13个变量对农户流转土地的意愿有显著的影响。接着,本文建立一个二元Logistic回归模型,分别就农户流转土地的意愿、转入土地的意愿和转出土地的意愿进行检验分析。实证检验的结果显示,户主的主业,家庭的农业劳动力数量、家庭成员中是否有人担任村干部,主要农产品价格的高低,租金的水平以及一系列支农惠农政策的实施等变量将对农户是否愿意流转自家的承包地产生显著但不同方向、不同程度的影响。以上的任一因素,对农户农地的转入或转出意愿也可能产生不同方向、不同程度的甚至显著与否的影响。第六部分,包括第7章,全文的总结和政策建议。这一部分主要是对本文的研究结论进行总结,基于实证检验的结果,就加快农村土地承包经营权流转市场的发展提出相关的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Transference of rural land contractual management right refers to farmer households who own the contractual management right of rural land transferred his contractual management right to others such as other farmer households or some economic organizations, namely retained his contractual of his rural land but transferred the right to management. Transference of rural land contractual management right is the development of productive forces to a certain stage of the product, it is the objective requirement in rural economic development and modern agricultural development, also is the adjustment of agricultural structure and the inevitable transfer of rural labor force trends. Accelerate the transference; scale management of rural land can be come true. Rural land transference is consistent with the set up and efficient operation of land contract relations, but also the collective rural land at all insist on the basis of the land to maximize the effectiveness of the means. Since the recent decades from reform and the opening, the transference market of rural land contractual management right is started. Since entering the 21st century, from central to local governments at all levels continued to formulate and promulgate relevant laws and regulations and rural policy, the transference of rural land contractual management right was speed up. Rural tax-fee reform such as "Full-scale exemption of agricultural tax" has been carried out in recent years, which was benefit to transference of rural land contractual management right, however it did not achieve the significant effect as desired. At the same time new changes and features of transference had been emerged. In the new policy environment, voluntarily, reasonably, paid to as well as orderly transfer rural land contractual management right and establish a transference market of rural land contractual management right was of great practical significance. The results of the research was a theoretical guidance for optimization of recombinant factor of production in rural areas, implementation of large-scale agriculture, intensive management, improve land utilization and agricultural production efficiency, and promote the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure and improve agricultural industrialization level. Also it had some practical significance for the promotion of social stability in rural areas, the development of modern agriculture, acceleration the construction of new socialist countryside.This study analysed main factors influencing the development of the transference market of rural land contractual management right theoretically and empirically from several but different dimension by use of agricultural economics, new institutional economics, political economics, econometric theory and study method, based on former results of research on rural land contractual management right both at home and abroad, the research framework in accordance with the "Problem questioned→Analysis of the problem→To solve the problem→Summary of research results"to the overall design idea.This paper is divided into six parts, a total of seven chapters. After the rural tax-fee reform, transference of rural land contractual management right came to a status and some new characteristics were emerged. A general equilibrium analysis framework of the transference market was tried to set up, then main factors influencing the development of the transference market were analysed from the angle of supply and demand of rural land contractual management right. It is known that transference behavior subject of rural land contractual management right is farm household, so from point of farmer household, some influencing factors of transference will including farm household’s out-transference and in-transference were tested empirically base on our survey data. Finally, the conclusions drawn in this paper and the study of opinion and strategy are accordingly. The main research content of this paper is as follows:The first part includes chapter 1 and reviewed existed research results and then briefly summarized the basic spirit of the "Law of Rural Land Contract", new situation and new conditions of rural land contractual management right transference after the rural tax-fee reform. The existed research results are of great guide and reference for future reform of rural land contractual management right and speed up of rural land contractual management right transference.The second part includes chapter 2 and reviewed the relevant theoretical basis. This part respectively commented "basic theory" related to rural land contractual management right transference, including property right theory, institutional change theories, the land rent and land price theory, land market theory as well as the theory of agricultural scale management. These theories and observations of the sort paving the oretical way for the entire study are below.The third part includes chapter 3 and 4. It summarized the present development situation of rural land contractual management right transference market of the whole country and Hubei Province, then demonstrated the size and trends of the market development, furthermore, a framework of general equilibrium analysis was established to exhibit some problems existed in the supply and demand of rural land contractual management right. This part also explored the relationship between rural land transference and construction of Agriculture in City Countryside in Wuhan City. After the rural tax-fee reform, some new and outstanding characteristics occured in the whole countries were as follows: Size of transference was expanded, meanwhile transference was speeded up; the expansion of the geographical extent of transference had been expanded also, but the unbalanced development existed among regions; transfer forms were innovated continuously; subjects to participate in the transference were diversified and an intermediary service system was set up gradually. At the same time, some new situations and problems were appeared such as the development of the transference market was relatively low yet, most farmers transferred their contracted rural land spontaneously yet; dispute of the transference increased instead after a series of supporting agriculture and benefiting-farmers policies carried out in recent years such as "Full-scale exemption of agricultural tax" and growing grain subsidy as well as other kinds of subsidies paid directly to farmers, hindering the promotion of the transference. Equilibrium in the general framework was considered, we found that there were shortage of both the effective demand and the effective supply in the transference market. Speed up the transference of rural land to achieve an appropriate scale management is the inherent requirement of Agriculture in City Countryside in Wuhan City.The fourth part includes chapter 5 and analysed main factors restricting the transference of rural land contractual management right the oretically. This part summed up the influencing factors of market development from point of the property rights of rural land, the land system change, land rent, as well as the market equilibrium of rural land contractual management right transference respectively. Restricting the flow of factors is market development. When reasons why there was shortage of both the effective demand and the effective supply was searched after, we have made a point of view firstly that there is a "dual restriction of limitation" exist in the market of rural land contractual management right transference.The fifth part includes chapter 6 and tested the main influencing factors of rural land contractual management right transference empirically. Based on our sample data by questionnaire and interview in Hubei Province, from the farmers point of view considerations, there were 13 variables assumed to have a significant impact of farmers transference willingness of rural land. Then, a binary Logistic regression model was established to inspect farmers’ transference willingness, in-transference willingness and out-transference willingness respectively of rural land. Results of model test showed that some variables such as the householder’s main industry of farm household, the quantity of agricultural labor force home; whether or not some family member(s) served as a village cadre; price level of main agricultural product; rent levels and a series of supporting agriculture and benefiting-farmers, played a significant role in farmers’ transference willingness, but to varying degrees and in different direction. As far as any variable mentioned above is concerned, it also played different role in in-transference willingness and out-transference willingness respectively.The sixth part includes chapter 7 and contained conclusions and policy recommendations. The main conclusions of this study were summarized, and then based on the results of empirical testing previously, some proposals and advice were made to speed up the development of the market of rural land contractual management right.更多还原