【作者】 赵兵朝；

【导师】 余学义；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 采矿工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 煤炭资源的大量开发,它给人类社会带来了巨大的经济效益,推动了工业现代化的快速发展,但随之也产生了对人类生存环境损害的一系列问题——开采损害。近年来,因矿产资源开发与利用产生的环境问题日趋严重,其已引起各国政府和有关国际组织的极大关注,开采损害已成为矿区经济可持续发展中亟待解决的重大问题之一。开采引起覆岩破坏、地表沉陷损害、地表荒漠化和矿区居民吃水难是矿山资源开发给人类生存环境带来损害的主要原因,可见,研究矿区开发和保护水资源的问题迫在眉睫,尤其在浅埋煤层条件下,这种开采损害变得更为严重。论文以榆神(府)矿区为研究对象,依托国家自然科学基金项目“厚松散层浅埋煤层条件下保水开采基础研究”进行研究,其主要内容如下:⑴在浅埋煤层定义的基础上,结合已有的研究成果和现场调研情况,得出浅埋煤层条件下采用不同(基岩与开采高度之比,简称基采比或J C)基采比所导致的矿压显现特征不同的结论,进而以基采比为关键参数,结合(基岩与载荷层厚度之比,简称基载比或J Z)基载比来进一步分析研究浅埋煤层条件下的矿压显现特征;⑵从开采参数入手,分析了开采参数对关键层的影响,在此基础上进一步研究浅埋煤层条件下关键层和隔水土层对导水裂缝带发育的影响,并给出关键层结构失稳和隔水土层能够完全隔水的判据;⑶结合岩石试件破坏时能量释放过程的试验现象和浅埋煤层条件下的矿压显现特征,从能量释放角度解释了浅埋煤层条件下采用不同基采比对导水裂缝带的影响及其形成的机理;⑷地下开采引起地表移动和岩层移动属于同一问题的两个方面,本文在基于概率积分法预计地表移动变形的数学模型基础上,以预计理论为基础,通过分析预计理论参数,建立了基于概率积分法预计导水裂缝带上位岩土层移动变形的数学模型,同时结合现场观测资料和实验室相似材料模拟实验结果进行综合分析,得出了覆岩与地表下沉系数为分段函数的结论;⑸通过相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟,系统地分析了在同一基载比条件下采用不同基采比时,覆岩随煤层开采,其结构破断、滑落失稳和含水层的水如何溃入井下的过程与机理,并给出导水裂缝带上位岩土层的损害特征:即以其上位岩土层初次破断产生3个断裂裂缝为界(断裂裂缝的损害特征为:其产生的竖向裂缝贯穿整个岩层,且该岩层结构并未失稳),其上部为弯曲下沉带,下部为导水裂缝带;⑹根据理论分析、实验室相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟结果的综合分析,给出了浅埋煤层条件下导水裂缝带广义损伤因子的定义,确定了导水裂缝带广义损伤因子的理论模型,建立了以广义损伤因子为关键参数的导水裂缝带最大高度的预计模型;同时,结合重复采动对导水裂缝带的影响,给出了重复采动广义损伤因子的具体表达式。本文在上述分析研究的基础上研发了浅埋煤层条件下基于概率积分法的保水开采识别模式系统软件,系统包括:开采方案选取、覆岩“三带”估算、覆岩与地表移动变形预计、数值模拟、关键层判定、覆岩与地表移动变形的动态演示、地理信息系统、地面建(构)筑物受损评价和保水开采识别系统等预计分析模块。通过应用浅埋煤层条件下基于概率积分法的保水开采识别模式系统对榆树湾煤矿20102上工作面导水裂缝带的最大高度进行预计,验证了基于概率积分法的保水开采识别模式系统的可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With coal resources greatly mined, it not only promotes industry modernization fast develop and brings greatly benefit of economy and society, but at the same time chaperonaging benefit and industry modernization fast develop, it also produces series damages—mining damage. With the mine resources exploited and utilized, environment problem on it has become increasingly serious; they have been recognized by all country government and relate international organization. It is an important problem of restricting economy sustainable development of mining area. Mostly reasons of damage on human survival environment are rock strata broken and damage of surface subsidence and surface desertification and residenter watering difficult in mining area , so no time to delay to settle antinomy of coal resources mined and human survival environment, especially on the condiction of the shallow coal seam, this damage become seriously. Thesis bases on the Yu-shen(fu) mining area, and studied relying on science fund item of nation:“base study of water-preserved -mining on the condition of thick loose and shallow coal seam”, it’s mostly content as follows:⑴Basing on the definition of shallow coal seam, and combining prehuman’s study and locale investigation, and educes the conclusion on different mine pressure character on different J C (ratio of rock and mining) on the condiction of the shallow coal seam, and thesis use J C as key parameter, and combines J Z (ratio of rock and loading) more analyse basic character on shallow coal seam mine pressure appear character;⑵By analyzing mining parametgers, thesis gives out effect on key stratum by mining parametgers and effect on cranny zone by key seam and moisture stratum, and more gives out the criterion on structure unbalance of key seam and moisture strata impermeable water;⑶Combining the energy releasing process on rock and mine pressure basic character on the condiction of the shallow coal seam, form energy releasing the point of view to explain the forming mechanism of cranny zone of the shallow coal seam;⑷Because movement of surface and rock stratum belong to two fact of the same problem, thesis sets up forecast movement and deformation math model on epigyny rock-soil seam of cranny zone base on probability and integral by analysis forecast theory parameters, and reduces the conclusion of subsection function on rock strata and surface by local observation and result of lab simulation test;⑸Thesis emersions process and mechanism rock strata broken, slide, losing balance and water of moisture strata how to burst into mine by different J C on the different J Z, and gives out the damage character on epigyny rock-soil seams of cranny zone: It according to three cracks by rock-soil seam broken as bound, its upside is subsidence zone, and its below is cranny zone;⑹Thesis bases on theory analysis and the result of similitude simulation test and numerical value simulation reduces broad sense damage factor on cranny zone, and confirms theory model of it, and sets up forecasting height model of cranny zone takes it as key parameters. At the same time, combines effect on cranny zone by repeat-mining, and gives out the expression on broad sense damage factor by repeat-mining;This thesis compiles discriminating model system software on water-preserved-mining base on the method of probability and integral above study, which makes the system include prediction analysis modules of choosing mining project, estimating“three zones”of overturn, prediction displacement and deformation on rock strata and surface, numerical value simulation, determining key stratum, dynamically demonstrating surface displacement and deformations, system of geography information, evaluating damage of surface buildings and discriminating system on water-preserved-mining etc., and it has predicted the height of cranny zone by 20102up face of Yushuwan mine, and gives out the dependability of identifying discriminating system software on water-preserved-mining model base on the method of probability and integral.更多还原