【作者】 王桦；

【导师】 程桦；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 硐室围岩的稳定性和冻结法凿井穿越巨厚冲积层时冻结壁温度场的分析两大问题是当前深部开采井巷工程面临的主要问题。本文通过对两淮煤田冲积层常见土层和煤系地层常见岩层进行取样,试验研究两淮煤田主要岩土体的电阻率特性。并结合冻结法凿井、矿井巷道施工的工艺特点,提出电阻率法检测冻结壁温度场的数据采集、数据处理和基于电阻率法的围岩松动圈检测技术。并将研究成果运用到矿井冻结壁温度场和围岩松动圈检测的工程实践,取得了良好的效果。主要研究工作及成果如下:(1)在高密度电阻率法的拟断面的记录点对应深度方面存在着经验性,使其在工程应用方面存在局限性。根据点电场的基本理论,并结合最新的电阻率勘探数据采集技术——并行电法勘探和跨孔地震勘探的特点,提出拟地震式单极——单极跨孔直流电阻率CT技术的数据采集方式,并编制数据处理软件。为电阻率法检测冻结壁提供数据采集与处理方法。(2)通过对淮南煤田朱集煤矿冲积层主要土层进行取样,首先,将目前土体导电性测试常用装置和高密度电阻率法勘探技术相结合,试验研究常温下土体电阻率与土性(颗粒级配)、含水量和密度(或密实度)之间的关系,并拟合出不同土体的电阻率与含水量、密度的回归方程;其次,研究冻土电阻率的测试方法,并结合两淮地区的冲积层土层含水量与密度、地温特点和冻结法凿井的冻结盐水温度与冻结壁平均温度设计,研究土体在一定含水量、密度条件下,电阻率与温度的关系。并拟合出相关度较高的不同土体的温度-电阻率(t-ρ)回归方程,这些方程是电阻率法检测冻结壁温度场的基础。(3)通过对两淮煤田煤系地层主要岩层进行取样,研究岩体的电阻率与应力(或应变)的关系。通过试验发现了取材方便、性能良好的电极与岩石耦合材料——过饱和粘土,拟合出相关度较高的不同岩体的应力.电阻率(σ-ρ)回归方程,这些方程是电阻率法检测硐室围岩稳定状态的基础。(4)在单极——单极跨孔直流电阻率CT勘探技术研究成果的基础上,提出了电阻率检测冻结法凿井冻结壁温度场的施工工艺、数据采集与数据处理方法。并将该技术应用于工程实践,取得了比较好的效果。(5)地下峒室的稳定性是矿井安全、高效生产的重要因素。为了确保地下峒室的稳定性,必须采用经济、合理的支护方式。基于围岩松动圈范围的大小及其空间分布规律对选择峒室支护方式的重要性,利用高密度电阻率法勘探的原理并结合地下峒室开挖与支护的施工特点,提出了利用锚杆钻机钻孔、锚固剂封闭孔口、简易压力容器注浆封孔、高密度电阻率法采集数据的松动圈测试技术,结合岩石导电性试验获得的电阻率与应力的回归方程,研究硐室开挖与支护后其围岩的变形程度与导电性的关系,分析围岩松动圈的发展状况。该技术已成功应用于两淮矿井巷道围岩松动圈测试的工程实践中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Stability of surround rock of a chamber and the analysis of the temperature field of frozen wall while artificial freezing method of shaft sinking technology being adopted in deep alluvium are two key problems of mine excavations in deep mining.This paper studied resistivity characteristics of major rocks and soils in Huaibei and Huainan Coalfield by sampling soils from alluvium and sampling rocks from stratum of coal measures in Huaibei and Huainan Coalfield.Furthermore,data acquisition and data processing of detecting the temperature field of frozen wall were put forward in combination with the technology characteristics of shaft sinking,and technology of detecting strata released zone based on resistivity method was studied in combination with the technology characteristics of mine roadway construction.Research results had been applied to measuring and testing the temperature field of frozen wall in freezing sinking project and the surround rock strata released zone of roadway,and achieved good results.The main research works and results are as follows:(1) Empiricism in corresponding depth with record points in resistivity inversion section of the high density resistivity method limits its application to engineering.According to the basic theory of the point electric field,combined with the characteristics of the latest data acquisition technology of resistivity exploration,the parallel electrical prospecting and cross-hole seismic exploration,data acquisition method of simulating-seismic pole-pole cross-hole DC resistivity CT technology was advanced, and data-processing program was prepared.The data acquisition and processing methods were provided for testing the temperature field of frozen wall by resistivity method.(2) By means of sampling soils in main soils stratums of the alluvium in Zhuji Mine in Huainan Coalfield,first of all,the devices currently used in soil conductivity testing were combined with the technology of high-density resistivity method in the laboratory tests to explore the effect of particle size distribution,water content,density(or compactness) upon the electrical resistivity of soil masses in the normal temperature, and the regression equations of the resistivity,water content and density of different soils were fitted;Secondly,testing methods of resistivity of frozen soil were studied, and according to the features of water content,density of different soil stratums, geotemperature and the design of the temperature of frozen salty water and average temperature of frozen wall in project of shaft sunk by freezing,the relationship between resistivity and temperature of soil under certain water content and density was studied.The temperature-resistivity(t-ρ) regression equations of different soil masses were fitted with much high correlational coefficient,serving as the bases for detecting temperature field of frozen wall by resistivity method.(3) By means of sampling rocks in main rock stratums of coal beating formation in Huaibei and Huainan Coalfield,the relationship between resistivity and stress(or strain) of rock was studied.The coupling material of good performance and high availability between rock and electrode,over-saturated clay was found,and stress-resistivity(σ-ρ) regression equations of different rock masses were fitted with much high correlational coefficient,serving as the bases for detecting stability of surround rock of a chamber by resistivity method.(4) On the basis of research results in the pole-pole cross-hole DC resistivity CT technology,construction technology,data acquisition method and data processing method in testing the temperature field of the frozen wall by resistivity were brought forward.And the technology was used in engineering practice,and has achieved relatively good results.(5) Stability of surround rock of a chamber is an important factor to safety and efficient production of a mine.In order to maintain stability of a chamber and ensure a safe and normal application of the chamber,an economic and rational support pattern must be adopted.Due to the importance of the size and the three-dimensional distribution law in selecting support pattern of the chambers,and with exploration principle of high density resistivity method and construction feature of excavation and support for the chambers,the paper provided the measurement and test technology of surround rock strata released zone with drilling machine for the borehole drilling,anchorage agent for collar sealing,pressurized equipment for grouting cement slurry and high density resistivity method for the data collection.In combination with the regression equation of relationship between resistivity and stress by experiment,the paper studied the relation between surround rock deformation degree and electric conductivity after the excavation and support of the chamber,analyzed the development of surround rock strata released zone of roadway.The technology has been successfully applied to measuring and testing surround rock strata released zones of roadways in mines in Huaibei and Huainan Coalfield.更多还原