【作者】 杨平；

【导师】 王俊拴；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 对西北民族地区这一特定地域和农牧民这一特殊群体的关注,对于中国的政治学和政治学学者都具有十分重要的意义。西北民族地区是集贫困问题、环境问题、民族问题、宗教问题、“三农”问题、教育问题、人口问题、安全问题等诸多中国问题于一身的问题集中区域,这些“问题集合”决定了西北民族地区整体上处在中国现代化时间梯度结构的底层,决定了实现现代化需要解决的问题更加复杂多样。在这一“问题集合”区域生活的各族农牧民的政治参与不仅对促进当地基层民主政治进程、经济和社会事业的协调发展、公民权利的保障与实现等具有重要的意义,而且对国家安全、政治稳定、民族和谐具有特殊的价值。为了对西北民族地区农牧民政治参与进行深入的研究,论文对现有的文献资料进行了较为充分的分析,对甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆四省区选样村庄和乡镇进行了实地调查和研究。在此基础上,总结出西北民族地区农牧民政治参与的总体特征,并且分析了影响其政治参与的制约因素。由于西北民族地区农牧民政治参与的主要社会空间集中在村庄、乡镇、民间组织,为了全面了解和研究西北民族地区农牧民的政治参与,论文对村庄、乡镇、民间组织三个不同场域中的农牧民政治参与状况进行了描述和分析。由于,本课题的研究不能脱离国家现代化战略的背景,因而,从现代化视角思考扩大农牧民有序政治参与也是论文要论及的重要问题。论文由八个部分构成一个逻辑体系。第一章为导论,主要对论文选题的意义、国内外研究现状、核心概念的界定、研究的思路、方法等问题进行了介绍。第二章分别从参与主体、参与意识、参与场域、参与态度、参与目的、参与途径、参与层次、参与效果八个方面总结概括了西北民族地区农牧民政治参与的总体特征;第三章分析了西北民族地区农牧民政治参与的制约因素,主要从自然地理环境、经济条件、教育水平、民族和宗教因素、传统文化因素等方面,对农牧民政治参与产生的影响进行了较为系统的分析。第四章基于对西北民族地区汉族村庄、少数民族村庄和多民族村庄的样本分析,对不同民族类型村庄中的农牧民政治参与的一般特点和差别进行了概括;第五章分析了不同参与主体在村庄场域中进行政治参与采取的行动策略、原因以及对村治的影响,提出了完善农牧民在村庄场域中政治参与的措施;第六章揭示了在乡镇场域农牧民政治参与的现状、存在的问题以及完善的思路;第七章分析了农牧民在民间组织场域参与的样态,论述了民间组织对农牧民政治参与的正面功能和负面影响,分析了民间组织发展中的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。第八章从中国现代化尤其是政治现代化的视野审视西北民族地区农牧民政治参与,提出研究西北民族地区现代化和农牧民政治参与的定位和原则,揭示这一地区农牧民政治参与的价值,提出了扩大农牧民有序政治参与的基本途径。本文认为:西北民族地区农牧民政治参与处在初级阶段,表现出众多初级阶段的特征,而这一状况是西北民族地区自然和人文环境、历史和现实条件形塑的结果;和全国大多数地区一样,西北民族地区的农牧民政治参与集中在村庄、乡镇、民间组织三个场域,从这三个场域中去观察、分析才能够比较全面地了解农牧民政治参与的状况;村庄是农牧民政治参与主要的场域,农牧民在村庄场域的政治参与需要更多的指导、规范和帮助;乡镇场域的农牧民政治参与要和乡镇体制改革密切结合,在构建“合作型”乡镇政权的过程中,使这两个目标在一个共时段中寻求解决;民间组织是农牧民政治参与日益重要的场域,民间组织需要健康的发展;西北民族地区农牧民政治参与必须和国家现代化的发展相适应,必须把农牧民的政治参与纳入到国家现代化尤其是政治现代化的整体框架中,保持现代化和扩大农牧民有序政治参与进程同步。更多还原

【Abstract】 Much attention paid to the northwestern ethnic minority regions and fanners and herdsmen living there has great significance for politics and scholars in politics. Northwestern ethnic minority regions are typical problem regions with major issues in poverty, environment, ethic group, religion, agriculture, rural areas and farmers, education, population, security and so on. All of the above problems have made these areas lag far behind the rest part of China in the process of Chinese modernization and made the problems need to be solved to realize modernization more complicated and diverse. The political participation of farmers and herdsmen residing here plays a significant role in speeding up the development of socialist democracy at the local level, accelerating coordinated development of social programs and the economy, protecting and realizing the legitimate rights of citizens and is of special value to national security, political stability and ethnic harmony.In order to make an in-depth research on the political participation of farmers and herdsmen in the Northwestern ethnic minority regions, a full analysis on the existing literature and material concerned has been made and on-the-spot research on sample villages and towns in Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xingjiang has been conducted. Based on the above efforts, the dissertation summarizes the overall characteristics of political participation of farmers and herdsmen, analyzes the factors holding back political participation. Considering that the social space used for the political participation mainly focuses on villages, towns, and civil organizations, the dissertation describes and analyzes the current situation of farmers and herdsmen’s political participation via three fields including villages, towns and civil organizations in order to fully understand and study farmers and herdsmen’s political participation in the Northwestern ethnic minority regions. At the same time, the study of the political participation can’t be separated from the strategic background of country’s modernization. As a result, pondering upon expanding the orderly political participation of fanners and herdsmen from the perspective of modernization is also one important issue discussed in the dissertation.The dissertation is divided into 8 parts in a logic system.The first chapter is the introduction covering the significance of topic choosing, literature review home and abroad, definition of the key concept, line of thinking and the research methods. The second chapter summarizes the overall characteristics of political participation of farmers and herdsmen from the following eight aspects of participation: participant, awareness, field, attitude, purpose, means, level and effect. The third chapter systematically analyzes the factors holding back political participation including physical geography environment, economic condition, educational level, national and religious factors, traditional cultural factors.The fourth chapter generalizes the general features and differences of farmers and herdsmen’s political participation in villages of different ethnic groups based on the samples analysis of villages of Han nationality, ethnic minority groups and multi-national minority group in the Northwestern ethnic minority regions. The fifth chapter analyzes the strategies, the causes of political participation via the field of village adopted by different participants and their effect on village governance followed by measures to improve political participation. The sixth chapter reveals the current situation, the existing problems and the line of thinking for improvement of farmers and herdsmen’s political participation via the field of township. The seventh chapter analyzes the forms of the political participation of farmers and herdsmen via the field of civil organizations, illustrates many functions of civil organizations conducive to fanners and herdsmen’s political participation and its negative impact, puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problems existing in the development of civil organizations. The eighth chapter inspects the political participation of farmers and herdsmen in the Northwestern ethnic minority regions from the perspective of Chinese modernization, esp. political modernization, puts forward orientation and principles of studying the political participation of farmers and herdsmen and the modernization of the northwestern ethnic minority regions, illustrates the value of the political participation of farmers and herdsmen in this areas and comes up with some basic means for expanding fanners and herdsmen’s orderly political participation.Fanners and herdsmen’s political participation in the Northwestern ethnic minority regions is still at the primary stage, presenting lots of features of primary stage which result from the joint influence of nature, humanity environment, history and reality. Considering that the social space used for the political participation mainly focuses on towns, villages and civil organizations like the rest part of China, the observation and analysis from the above three fields can fully reflect the current situation of farmers and herdsmen’s political participation. Villages are the major field of political participation of farmers and herdsmen and more guidance, standard and help are necessary. The political participation via the field of towns should be fully integrated with the reforms in township systems which can be realized at the same time in the process of establishing kind of cooperative town and township governments. Civil organization becomes an increasingly important field for political participation and should be developed in a healthy way. The political participation of fanners and herdsmen in the Northwestern ethnic minority regions should be compatible with the national modernization drive and fully incorporated into the whole framework of national modernization, esp. political modernization, keeping modernization synchronized with the process of expanding orderly political participation of farmers and herdsmen.更多还原