李梦阳研究

【作者】 郭平安；

【导师】 霍有明；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文除绪论和结语外,分八章对明代前七子领袖李梦阳的生平、文学交往、学术思想、文艺观、美学观、创作实践及李何之争公案等进行了探究。具体内容如下。绪论部分介绍本文研究的内容、意义和研究方法。绪论中提出:李梦阳研究的意义有两点,一是对于我们认识明清文学发展史有重要意义;二是对于我们认识文学本质有重要意义。绪论中还指出,马克思主义的社会存在前提理论是历史唯物主义的方法论。以马克思的社会存在前提理论为指导,是我们研究李梦阳其人的途径。第一章,李梦阳的家世、生平及愤世情怀,对李梦阳的家世、生平、个性和志向等进行了考察。李梦阳一生与权贵势豪做斗争,曾五次被害入狱,五次顽强地坚持斗争毫不妥协,这充分表现了李梦阳的正直刚强品格和愤世嫉俗思想。第二章,李梦阳与前七子交游考,对李梦阳在弘治时期与前七子的文学交游进行了考察。李梦阳与前七子交往密切,主要是以诗歌唱形式和与前七子进行交流,以加深他们之间的友谊。李梦阳在弘治时期还同在京的其他郎署官员文士进行过文学交往。在弘治十一年至十八年之间,李梦阳写下了大量的诗歌、序文和书信等,在文学复古运动中发挥了重要作用,同时也表现出李梦阳是一个热爱诗歌创作的天才诗人。第三章,李梦阳的学术思想,对李梦阳的学术思想进行分析研究。李梦阳是一位深受儒家思想影响的传统文人,他对儒家思想崇拜至极,以致他立志要复兴古代文化,要恢复三代之治的政治状态。李梦阳还是一位有科学思想的学者,他不信鬼神,更不信那些邪说异术。李梦阳把古典历史著作当作文学作品来看,认为六经中的历史著作主题是以教育为中心的,这是李梦阳的很有个性的历史观点。第四章,李梦阳与明代中叶文学复古运动,对李梦阳倡导的文学复古运动进行分析研究。明代文学复古运动不是纯粹的文学复古,明代弘治正德年间的复古运动其实是一场复兴儒学兼有复兴古典诗文的运动。李梦阳复兴儒学的目的是主要的,其复兴古诗是其复兴古学的内容之一。笔者从复古的历史渊源、哲学原理和社会现实条件等方面对李梦阳复古运动进行了深入探讨,认为:李梦阳复兴古学是历史的、必然的社会文化现象;李梦阳复兴古学对明代政治产生了重大影响,复兴古学对中国封建社会后期的文学艺术产生了重大影响。第五章,李梦阳的文艺观,对李梦阳的文学观进行了详细分析。李梦阳对文学的本质、功用都有科学认识。他认为,诗以抒志、文以言理,认为文学兼有反映、教育和审美的功能。李梦阳对文学本质的认识水平与今人已相差无几。李梦阳对于诗歌的创作方法也有一些科学思考。他认为诗歌的创作过程是“神契则音”、“诗者形乎遇”,这与西方近代移情理论的原理是一致的。李梦阳对散文创作的见解也有谬误之处,如认为作文必有古之法式,其法式是“前疏者后必密,半阔者半必细;一实者,必一虚;叠景者,意必二”。这显然是唯心的。第六章,李梦阳的美学观,对李梦阳的美学观念加以系统观照。李梦阳崇尚和谐美,认为诗歌应主要表现和谐美;李梦阳还崇尚民歌,认为民歌是表现自然美的真正诗歌。自然美与和谐美是相通的,推崇民歌也是崇尚和谐美的一个方面。和谐美是儒家思想中的美学观,李梦阳的美学观与儒家文艺美学思想是一致的。第七章,李梦阳的创作实践,对李梦阳的散文、诗歌创作进行探讨。李梦阳的文学创作本质上是封建社会中的儒士文学。李梦阳的散文精于议论、长于雄辩,具有浓烈的抒情味;李梦阳的诗歌平庸之作较多,不及散文的成就。总观其文学成就可谓是三分优秀、七分平庸。其原因,是因为李梦阳在文学创作方法上是困惑的,他所谓的“前疏者后必密,半阔者必半细”的文学创作方法是唯心的,此导致其文学创作的平庸无功。李梦阳在文学创作方法上的歧误引发了后人对文学创作方法探讨的注意力。第八章,李何之争公案探讨,着重解读有关“李何之争”的四篇文章,对李何之争公案的是非加以判断。李何之争是李梦阳与何景明关于文学创作方法的思想交锋,他们所争论的核心是诗文的创作方法究竟是什么的问题。在与何景明的争辩中,李梦阳认为:“前疏者后必密,半阔者必半细”就是文学创作的方法。李梦阳对文学创作方法的思考是谬误的。在李何之争中,李梦阳并未主张文学创作要以模拟为方法。李何之争摧生了明清众多文学流派,使得中国文学史上自明代以后产生了一股反对模拟的思潮。结论部分指出,李梦阳文学思想的重要意义在于,它改变了中国古代文学批评以言情、载道为中心的传统本体论批评模式,使明清文人把文学批评的注意力重点投向了文学审美方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, in addition to introduction and conclusion, the eight chapters carried out a detailed analysis of the former Seven leaders of Ming Dynasty Li Meng-yang’s life, personality, retro intron, essays, poetry ideological, aesthetic ideal, creative methods, work assessment and Li-He debat .the detailed analysis of. the specific contents are as follows.Proposed introduction of the meaning of Li Meng-yang’s research are two point, first, to our understanding of literary history of the development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are important; Second, the nature of our understanding of literary significance.Introduction also points out Marxist’s existence premise of social theory is the methodology of historical materialism. to respect through Marxist’s premise existence of social theory, this is our way to study the issue of Li Meng-yang.The first chapter, family, life and feeling indignation, of Li Meng-yang’s life, thought, personality and ambition is carried out analysis. Li Meng-yang’s life by the struggle against the rich and the powerful, five victims have been imprisoned for five courageous struggle tenaciously adhere to no compromise, is full performance of the Li Meng-yang’s unyielding character and indignation thoughts.Chapter II, Li Meng-yang exchanges with the former Seven, study the literature exchanges of Li Meng-yang in Hongzhi period wiht the former Seven. Li Meng-yang previous is close with the former Seven, he chimed in with the poetry by the former seven to exchange of ideas in order to deepen the friendship between them. In eleven to eighteen years in between Hongzhi period, Li Meng-yang written a great deal of poetry, the preface and correspondence and so on, back in his campaign literature has played an important role, but also the performance of the Li Meng-yang is a gifted poet, poetry-loving.Chapter III, Li Meng-yang’s academic thought, of Li Meng-yang’s analysis of the academic study of thinking. Li Meng-yang is a deeply traditional Confucian literati, he extremely worship of Confucianism, which he determined to revive the ancient culture, to restore the rule of three generations of the political state.Li Meng-yang, or a scientific thinking, he do not believe in ghosts, but also do not believe in Buddhism and Taoism, such as different patients heresy. Li Meng-yang is thinking as the classical history works of the of literary works,that six of the history books as the theme of education as the center, which is the very personality of Li Meng-yang historical perspective.Chapter IV, Li Meng-yang and the Ming middle of ancient literary movement, of Li Meng-yang advocacy movement. Literature retro movement of the Ming Dynasty is not purely literary retro, Ming Hongzhi-Zhengde retro movement is a school to learn the ancient sport after six, or a combination of a revival of Confucian revival of classical poetry movement. Li Meng-yang revival of Confucianism is the main purpose, the revival of the revival of ancient poetry is one of the ancient school. Li Meng-yang era when there was no concept of literature to the actual situation at the time statements, the volume of calls to do their prose, poetry retro movement. This chapter from the ancient history, philosophy and social reality of the principle conditions has done a detailed study of Li Meng-yang’s retro movement. That: Li Meng-yang’s retro movement is the inevitable socio-cultural phenomenon, retro movement of the Ming Dynasty had a significant impact on the political, retro movement had a major impact of Chinese feudal society, the late literary arts.Chapter V, Li Meng-yang’s essays, poetry of thought, conducted a detailed analysis of the literature on the Li Meng-yang thinking. Li Meng-yang’s understanding on the nature of literature, the function have a scientific thingking. He is view of poetry to express thought, essays to express rationale and that literature is reflected in literature, education, and aesthetic features. Li Meng-yang’s understanding of the nature of literature and the modern is almost the same level.Li Meng-yang’s creative approach to poetry there are also some scientific thinking, he believes that the creative process of poetry is "God is the sound of mutual covenant", "even when poems are shaped," and that with the West in modern times that the principle of transference theory is consistent.Li Meng-yang’s essays have the wrong thinking, and he believes that there is ancient pattern on the writing.This is obviously wrong.Chapter VI, Li Meng-yang’s aesthetic ideas, of Li Meng-yang’s concept of aesthetic and creative methods. Li Meng-yang is advocating harmonious beauty. Li Meng-yang is advocating that poetry should be mainly.Li Meng-yang also is advocating folk songs, folk songs is that the performance of the real natural beauty of the poetry. Natural beauty and harmony is the mutual accommodation, respect advocating a harmonious folk is also one aspect of the harmonious beauty.Harmonious beauty is the aesthetic concept of Confucianism, Li Meng-yang’s aesthetic ideas and Confucian culture is the same.Chapter VII, essays, poetry artistic characteristics of Li Meng-yang, of prose, poetry analysis studies and assessment of his creative achievements.Li Meng-yang’ss literary creation is essentially a feudal society, the Confucian literature. Li Meng-yang proficient prose arguments, eloquent than a strong flavor of the lyric; Li Meng-yang’s poetry for the more mediocre, and his well written prose than poetry, with a total concept for tthirds of its outstanding achievements in literature, seven mediocre.Li Meng-yang’s seven literature mediocre is due to Li Meng-yang method in the literature is confused, and he believes that "after the former evacuation who will close, gets a half-half width of the weak" approach to literature is completely wrong, this led to his literary creation reactive power of mediocrity. Li Meng-yang’s method of literary creation in the falsehood and doubt affect the future generations on the method of literature’s attention.Chapter VIII, Li- He dispute, over interpretation of the full verbatim Li-He article 4 of the dispute, analysis is carried out of Li-He’s non-issues. Li-he dispute is on the way to the idea of literature showing that they are arguing about is what is the creation methods of poetry.Ho-ming in the debate, Li Meng-yang is thinking that "after the former evacuation who will close a half-half width gets smaller," is the method of literature, Li Meng-yang’s method of literary creation is the fallacy of thinking. In Li-He dispute Li Meng-yang does not dispute in the literature to advocate for the method of simulation. Over Li-He dispute Qing dynasties have had a dispute over the many genres of literature, literary history of China since the Ming Dynasty had a future of ideas opposed to analog. Li-He dispute’s importance of China is that it has changed the traditional model of literary criticism.更多还原