【作者】 曹瑞娟；

【导师】 罗时进；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 在当前生态环境问题日益凸显的社会背景下,人们对于自身的生存处境日益关注。随着生态学的迅猛发展,与“生态”有关的一系列交叉学科和学术研究的新课题纷纷涌现。生态批评即将生态学视野和观念运用到文学研究当中,一方面深入挖掘和解构文学文本中的生态哲思、生态美韵,反对现代人类中心主义,另一方面全方位透视生态危机产生的复杂原因。本文借鉴现代生态批评的理论和方法,将“生态”视角和生态理念引入宋代诗歌研究,尝试对宋代诗歌文本进行一种生态美学的审视和解读。宋代诗人普遍具有较高的文化修养与赏悦自然的审美情趣,创作了大量具有生态意味和生态美感的诗歌。本文的研究对象即宋代具有某种生态意蕴或曰生态色彩的诗歌,兼及讨论宋代诗学话语的生态特色。所谓“生态色彩”,指的是诗歌中出现了动植物、山川风物等各种生态因子,展现了其生机盎然、自由自适、欣然相处的生态之美,同时作者或诗歌中的人物形象对它们表现出好尚的思想情感,体现出一定的生态友好意识,尽管这种意识可能是自发的、朴素的,尚未形成完整的系统。这些诗歌不同于当代西方或中国带有强烈生态保护意识的作品,但我们认为,这种蕴含于中国古代诗歌中的生态色彩也是生态文学的应有之义,而且是更富于诗意精神和审美意味的表达形式,因而同样可以从生态角度进行解读。综览有宋一代诗歌,为了便于分析和解读,我们把宋代具有一定生态意蕴的诗歌分为四类:山水诗、田园诗、时节诗、咏物诗。对于山水诗,解析宋代诗人倾心自然、怀恋山水的林泉之志与“野性”生态意识,展现宋代生态环境状况及宋代诗人与自然山水呼朋唤友的和谐相处之美,并进一步探讨以自然山水为主的生态美景对诗人的精神净化作用。乡村风物之美是自然生态美的集中呈现,而田家之乐则体现了人的精神生态的平衡和愉悦。农耕时代以田园诗为主导的田园主义诗学是最富于生态意味的诗学,它迥异于科技时代破除了人对自然界的依赖和皈依之感的技术化诗学。自然界气象与人类的生活时刻相伴随,并会对人的活动和心理产生相应的影响,于是产生了诸多时节吟咏之诗。诗人们热情歌咏生态气象之美,并常在诗歌中叹造化之奇,究天地之理,体现出一定的生态觉识。宋代咏物诗为读者展现了一个五彩缤纷的生物世界,反映出当时的动植物生态状况,具有一定的认识价值。同时,在咏物诗的创作中,由起初的单纯吟咏生物的自然属性到借咏物寓托诗人的种种志向和情愫,自然物的文化象征意蕴不断得到强化。除了以上四类诗歌,本文还拟讨论宋代诗学话语的生态特色。这种特色具体表现为:在创作发生论上,注重自然界物色之变给诗人心灵带来的触动和感发作用,以之为诗歌创作的最佳契机;在诗歌文本分析上,往往以自然风物或生命有机体来譬喻性地阐释诗歌文本结构和创作机理,而非抽象空洞地理论言说;在诗歌风格品评方面,常常用自然界的生态情境来比拟诗歌的风格境界,同时由于尊崇自然的哲学观念,不事雕琢、浑然天成被视为最高的诗歌境界。探寻宋代诗歌和诗论中的生态意蕴,并尝试构建我国古代的生态诗学体系,是在现代生态危机背景下对人类自身行为的反省和对我国古代生态文化积淀的重审,是对人与自然和谐相处、人在自然界中惬意生存的一种诗意展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, as environmental concerns becoming increasingly prominent, people pay more and more attention to their plight. Therefore a series of interdisciplines and new academic issues related to ecology have sprung up. Ecological criticism applies ecological view and notion to literary study, penetrating deeply and deconstructing the ecological thought and beauty in literary texts, fighting against modern human-centered ideology, and at the same time, examining omnibearingly the complicated cause of ecological crisis.This thesis takes the theory and method of modern ecological criticism for reference, introduces ecological angle and notion into Song Dynasty poems research, trying to survey and unscramble it from ecological aesthetics. Poets of Song Dynasty generally possessed high culture and sentiment of appreciating the nature, therefore created a great deal of poems that had ecological implication and beauty. The thesis takes the Song poems bearing certain ecological implication or color as its studying object, and discusses Song Dynasty poetics’ecological characteristic. The term“Ecological color”means there appears ecological genes such as various propagations and natural substance, indicates ecological beauty of vital force, self-adaption and harmonious relation in the poems. Moreover, poets or characters in the poem manifested favorable emotion to those genes, thus indicated certain ecological amity consciousness, although this consciousness maybe spontaneous, frugal and unsystematic. These poems are different from contemporary literary works with intense consciousness of ecological protect in China or Western countries. However, this ecological color included in ancient Chinese poems should also be included in ecological literature. Furthermore, with more poetic and aesthetic expressinon, those poems can also be unscrambled from ecological point of view.For analysis convenience, the author divided these Song Dynasty ecological poems into four categories, which are landscape poems, eclogue poems, season-intoning poems and propagation-intoning poems. For landscape poems, the author intends to analyze Song Dynasty poets’ecological consciousness of wildness, aspiration for nature and ideal of coming close to the nature, and indicate the environment of Song Dynasty and the harmonious relation between poets and nature. Moreover, landscape’s purifying effects to poets’spirit are also discussed. Countryside scenery is a centralized demonstration of nature’s beauty, while farmers’happy immersion exhibits the balance of spiritual ecology. In the era of ancient agriculture, the countryside poetics dominated by eclogue is the poetics most affluent in ecological implication, which is completely different from the scientific poetics discarding the dependence to nature in more technology-advanced times. Natural climates come along with human’s life all the time and produces corresponding influence to human’s activity and mentality, thereupon there were many season-intoning poems. Poets sang for the beauty of ecological weather with passion when they were consistently amazed by the Creator and tried to investigate the truth of the nature. The propagation-intoning poems exhibit a multicolored biology world and reflect the propagation condition of that time so possessed certain cognition value. During the course from simply intoning the attribute of biology to express poets’various ambition and affection, meanings of nature’s cultural symbols have been intensified continuously in the creation of propagation-intoning poems.Besides the poems in the above-mentioned four categories, the thesis also intends to discuss the ecological characteristic of Song Dynasty poetics in three aspects. First of all, on the theory of poem’s occurence, it emphasizes how nature’s changes effected the poets and how they took it into poetic creation; Secondly, on the poem texts analysis, it usually takes natural images in a poem for simile to explain the structure and creative mechanism of the poem rather than discusses the topic abstractly; The third is on the aspect of tasting the poetic style, mostly describes the style by means of describing ecological situation, moreover influenced by nature-awed philosophy concept, natural style whithout carving was regarded as the highest poetics bourn.Seeking the ecological implication of Song Dynasty poems and poetics and trying to construct the ecological poetics of ancient China is self-reflection to human beings’behavior under the background of modern ecological crisis and re-examination to the ecological culture heritage of ancient China, as well as a kind of poetic expectation to the harmony between human being and nature, human’s comfortable living in the world.更多还原