【作者】 胡秉芬；

【导师】 尚勋武； 王化俊；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 麦蚜是世界范围内影响小麦生产的重要害虫之一。近年来,随着麦田水肥条件的改善和农业生态环境的变化,麦蚜虫害日趋加重。长期以来,麦蚜的防治主要依靠化学农药,由于化学农药的大量使用,导致蚜虫天敌杀伤严重,环境污染加剧。实践证明,选育和利用抗性品种是控制作物病虫害的最为经济有效的途径。在选育抗性品种的过程中,如能明确其抗性机理,进而定位和克隆抗性基因,对小麦及其它广受蚜科害虫危害的农作物都具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。从2003到2004连续两年,师桂英(2006)利用蚜量比值法进行田间抗蚜性鉴定,从521份春小麦品种(系)中筛选出两份抗麦长管蚜材料J-48和J-31,2005年,进一步以人工接虫鉴定法研究表明,两份材料表现出很高的抗生性。本研究以高抗蚜品系J-48、J-31和高感蚜品系J-69、J-39组配的杂交种(J-48 x J-69、J-48 x J-39、J-31 x J-39)及其分离F2世代为材料研究了抗蚜性的遗传特点,利用微卫星(SSR)标记方法寻找了与小麦抗麦长管蚜基因连锁的分子标记。主要研究结果如下:1、小麦抗麦长管蚜的遗传特点以抗蚜品系J-31和感蚜品系J-39组配的杂交种及其F2代为材料研究了小麦抗蚜性的遗传特点。结果表明,抗、感材料杂交的F1,表现高抗,抗蚜表现显性,F2分离世代中抗、感分离比符合3:1的孟德尔分离规律,表现为质量性状遗传的特征,说明J-31的抗麦长管蚜性由显性单基因控制。以抗蚜品系J-48和感蚜品系J-69、J-39组配的杂交种(J-48 x J-69、J-48 x J-39)及其F2代为材料研究了小麦抗蚜性的遗传特点。结果表明,抗、感材料杂交的F1,都表现高抗,抗蚜表现显性,F2分离世代中抗、感分离比均符合3:1的孟德尔分离规律,表现为质量性状遗传特征,说明J-48的抗麦长管蚜性由显性单基因控制。2、小麦抗麦长管蚜基因的SSR分子标记定位以抗蚜品系J-48和感蚜品系J-69为亲本组配的F2分离群体为材料,采用BSA分析法,选取均匀分布于小麦7D和1D染色体上的85对SSR标记在抗感亲本间进行多态性筛选,共筛选到在亲本间表现多态性的52对SSR引物,多态性频率为61%。用F2分离群体进一步对筛选出的52对引物进行分析,找到一对与抗蚜基因连锁的SSR标记Xbarc126,与抗蚜基因的遗传距离为15cM。由于这个标记位于小麦的7D染色体上,因此,将抗麦长管蚜基因初步定位于小麦的7D染色体上,并暂时命名为Ra。3、本研究在已经建立的与抗蚜基因连锁的SSR标记基础之上,利用筛选出的与抗麦长管蚜基因Ra连锁的SSR标记Xbarc126对J-48 x J-69杂交后的F3代分离基因个体进行跟踪鉴定,充分说明了所筛选出的SSR标记的稳定性、可靠性和准确性,为抗蚜品种的分子标记辅助选择及鉴定提供了可行性理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat aphid(Homoptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) pest all over the world. With the improvement of irrigation conditions on cornfield and changes of agricultural ecosystem, wheat aphid cause more losses than ever in wheat productivity. Nowadays, pest control and management heavily count on many chemical pesticides, however, the indiscriminate use of pesticides are toxic to beneficial insects, which act as predators or parasites to the pest species, and have a harmful effect on natural environment. It has been confirmed that the use of plant resistance as a pest management strategy is the most effective and economical method. It will be important theoretically and practically in the breeding processing if the Mechanism and Inheritance of the resistance to aphid were revealed and the resistant gene was further located and cloned.From 2003 to 2004, two resistance lines J-48 and J-31 to Macrosiphum avenae F. were screened out from 521 spring wheat germplasm by aphid field identification and aphid number ratio method (Shi guiying, 2006) and showed highly antibiosis by artificial infestation in 2005. Two lines J-48, J-31 and F1 hybrids resistance to aphid and two lines J-69, J-39 susceptible to aphid were employed in this experiment to study the Inheritance of the resistance to Macrosiphum avenae F., to look for molecular markers linked to aphid resistance gene through the analysis of F2 population. The main results are as follows:1. In heritance of wheat resistance to Macrosiphum avenae F.The analysis of F2 segregation population derived from the cross between J-31 and J-39 showed that the segregation ratio was corresponding with 3:1, the aphid resistance in J-31 is a quality inherit trait. The resistance to Macrosiphum avenae F. was controlled by a dominant major gene.The analysis of F2 segregation populations derived from the crosses ( J-48 x J-69 and J-48 x J-39) showed that both the segregation ratios were corresponding with 3:1, the aphid resistance in J-48 is a quality inherit trait. The resistance to Macrosiphum avenae F. was controlled by a dominant major gene.2. Molecular Marker linked with Wheat Resistance to Macrosiphum avenae F.BSA population constructed by cross of J-48 and J-69 was used in the experiment in order to look for markers linked with resistance gene. A total of 85 pairs of microsatellite primers uniform distribution on wheat chromosomes 7D and 1D were tested to detect polymorphisms between contrasting parents. 52 pairs of SSR primers were screened at the performance of polymorphism, polymorphism frequency is 61%. One SSR marker Xbarc126 linked with wheat resistance to Macrosiphum avenae F. had been found by BSA screening, the genetic distance was 15cM. Because this marker is located on chromosome 7D of wheat, therefore, Macrosiphum avenae F. resistance gene is located in the initial position on chromosome 7D of wheat and is named Ra temporarily.3. In the present study, a microsatellite (SSR) marker Xbarc126 linked to Macrosiphum avenae F. resistance gene Ra was identified using some F3 individuals derived from the cross of susceptible wheat cultivar J-48 and resistant source J-69, results showed the SSR marker Xbarc126 linked with resistance gene were existed. It provided microsatellite marker selected are stable, reliable and accurate molecular marker and reliable foundation for Molecular Marker Assisted Selection (MMAS).更多还原