【作者】 康岚；

【导师】 沈关宝；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文以中国城市家庭代际关系为研究对象,考察中国传统的反馈模式在今日社会的变迁趋向,以及由此反映的中国家庭的现代化特点。本文提出研究假设:今日中国城市家庭的代际关系表现为,父母对子女的义务在家庭领域内、在子女成年后被有弹性地放大了,而子女对父母的回报义务则被有弹性地缩小了。基于这一假设,本文认为,中国传统的反馈模式在现代城市家庭中,并非完全为西方的接力模式所取代,而成为融合了现代生活和传统价值的变体,对中国亲子间权利义务实践产生深刻影响,并构成中国家庭现代化的特点。本文采取文化变迁的研究取向,以文化功能论为主要理论工具,采用深度访谈和问卷调查两种研究方法。在研究视角上,从本土文化角度出发,探讨中国家庭现代化的特点;其中私人领域和个体意识的发展,家庭与个人的关系,以及与此相连的代际间在物质、情感两方面的权利义务实践,是本文着力讨论的问题,并通过价值观这个关键变量来串联。即:通过了解两代人在观念上的代差,分析这种差异对亲子间权利义务实践的现实影响,以了解文化最终如何被用于满足生活的需要,即文化是如何实现其功能的,家庭生态如何影响文化功能的构成,以及由这一文化功能结构最终决定的家庭模式和代际关系模式。其中,家本位与个人本位之间的张力是讨论代际关系变迁的最重要的理论问题,以此为框架来解释家庭现代化过程中的各种现象。在分析框架上,本文采用并界定了“代差”的概念框架,包括两个层面的分析:一是从空间维度的文化层面(即价值观层面)分析代差对代际互动的影响,二是从时间维度的现实需要层面(即年龄结构层面)分析代差对代际互动的影响。在文化层面,主要表现为两代人在文化的浅层结构(物质文化层面)存在差异和分化,而在文化的深层结构(适应文化层面)则更多表现为协调与对话,这使两代人在处理家庭关系时总体上能维持和谐局面。因此,文化层面的代差主要表现为协调性的特点。详见第三章。在现实需要层面,主要表现为两代人基于客观年龄的不同,分别处于个体的不同生命周期(即社会年龄),承担了不同的人生任务,追求不同的生命状态,但同时又受到特定时代背景(即历史年龄)的影响,有需要共同面对的家庭压力和风险,因此有相互帮助、共谋发展的客观需要。因此,现实需要层面的代差主要表现为客观性的特点。详见第四章。上述两个层面代差的共同影响,使中国城市家庭代际关系表现为,家庭的社会保障功能仍是主要功能,子代从代际关系中获得了经济和劳务资源的较大满足,而亲代希望从代际关系中获得情感的满足却存在缺陷,整体上表现出家庭资源由亲代向子代倾斜的趋势。详见第五章。在结语部分,本文的结论是:中国社会的反馈模式在城市家庭的变迁,是中国传统价值和现代生活的结合物,有其自身的特点,与西方社会的接力模式是有区别的。即:这种变迁是以家庭价值的稳固和子代个人意识的兴起为双重前提的,二者共同构成了今天中国城市家庭的现代性特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking Intergenerational relationship in Chinese urban families as the object of study, the dissertation studies the changing trend of the traditional feedback model in the Chinese society, so as to reflect the characteristic modernization of Chinese families. It assumes that in the contemporary Chinese urban families, parents’obligations towards their grown-up children have been enlarged elastically within the family scope, while children’s return obligations towards their parents have been reduced elastically. Thus, based on the assumption, this paper argues that the traditional feedback model of Intergenerational relationship in Chinese urban families has been changed into a new pattern integrating modern life with traditional values, rather than being replaced by the western relay model entirely. The above change will make profound influence on the practice of rights and obligations between parents and children so as to contribute to the characteristic modernization of Chinese families as well.Applying the research approach of cultural change and implementing cultural functionalism as the main theory, the paper conducted in-depth interviews and questionnaire. From the perspective of local culture, the paper attempts to on the characteristics of the modernization of Chinese family, especially focusing on the issues such as private field, the development of individual consciousness, the relationship between individual and his family, and the corresponding practice of rights and obligations on material and physical ways between generations. All the above issues are connected by values, the kernel variable. That means by learning the intergenerational gap of values, the paper analyzes its effect on the practice of rights and obligations between parents and children, so as to find out how culture is used to meet the demands of life or how culture functions, how family ecology makes influences on the structure of cultural function, the ultimate family pattern and the Intergenerational relationship determined by the structure of cultural function. Here, the tension between family-oriented and individual-oriented will be the most important theoretic issue, and the paper will take it as a frame to illustrate all kinds of phenomenon in the course of modernization of families.The paper adopts and defines a frame of“generational gap”which includes two aspects. Namely, it analyzes the impact on the intergenerational interact made by generational gap at the level of local culture and living demand respectively.As to the level of local culture, it argues that between generations there are differentiations in the surface layer of culture (namely material culture); whereas there is harmony or negotiation in the deep layer of culture (namely social and psychical culture). Thus, intergenerational relations in families are generally harmonious. The generational gap in the cultural level turns out to be mild. About this, please refer to chapter 3. As to the level of living demand, it emphasizes the influence of age. That is to say, different generation is at the different stage of the individual life cycle, thus he undertakes different responsibility and pursues different life. Meanwhile, they are both restricted by a given time, so as to help each other for the future considering their common-shared family pressure and risks. Therefore, the generational gap in the demand level is characterized with objectivity. About this, please refer to chapter 4.Due to the joint influence of the above two aspects, in today’s Chinese urban families, the social security function is still the dominant function. Children successfully get material and labor benefits from parents while parents’emotional demands are not met from their children perfectly. In General, family resources tend to flow to children. About this, please refer chapter 5.The conclusion part points out that nowadays in the Chinese society the feedback model in the urban families has been changed into the combination of traditional values and modern life. It is unique and different from the western relay model. This change has been based on both the solidification of family values and the rise of individual consciousness, which jointly form the modernity of Chinese urban families.更多还原