【作者】 袁泽民；

【导师】 安维复；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 建构一种理想的行动类型,是众多社会学学者一直探索和思考的主要问题。作为对以往行动理论的反思,协商以她的平等性、包容性、理性、责任性、合法性等理论优点,日益引起广大学者的关注。学者们从各自的流派出发,纷纷对其诠释和描述。但是,作为一个新的事物,受研究者视野和所依赖的理论局限性制约,以往研究主要集中在对协商的特点进行相互补充性探讨,很少涉及协商是怎样建构的。在实践领域,我们可以处处看见协商活动的痕迹,只不过我们更加关注的是关系到国计民生的重大决策前的听证和互联网公共论坛的讨论等,而对协商建构的具体过程,尤其是微观领域的协商,却很少进行描述和分析。通过对协商建构过程的研究,既能够从理论上丰富和发展协商的理论内涵,更能够提醒人们,如果社会和政府之间、不同利益主体之间能够积极沟通,社情民意充分表达,地方政府在决策时能对这些民意给予考虑并作出积极的回应,通过相互协商来化解由于社会转型而带来的社会利益矛盾和冲突,这对于构建和谐社会将具有重要的意义。本文主要回答的问题是,协商是怎样建构的?本文通过选取D镇湖东开发区土地征收为案例,依据哈贝马斯的交往行动理论为依托,分三章对协商建构的过程进行了研究。本文的第一章主要是概述了湖东开发区土地征收中的协商过程。第二章是本研究的核心,紧紧围绕第一章展开,全章共分六节,详细的探讨了对工具合理性的追求是诱发各方进行合作的动力;村民因文化资本和交往能力等因素的制约,迫使村民推选村民代表与政府协商;在第一次协商期间,因存在参与各方都想利用规范的弹性来实现自我利益的最大化,导致协商中断;在协商中断期,参与各方分别实施了策略行动,把原本简单的问题推向复杂化;在第二次协商期间,参与各方终于摒弃了自我的非理性要求,成立了三方评估小组,制定了各方都能接受的补偿标准;参与各方达成共识。最后,本研究得出的研究结论是,在协商建构的过程中,工具合理性和交往理性始终交织在一起;从生活世界出发,是交往主体进行协商的前提。乡土传统为农村人际交往提供抽象的生活情境,法律法规为各方之间的协商提供制度性保障,村民文化资本的提高,是乡土传统与法律法规发挥作用的关键;话语民主是协商进行的基础;村民的自我组织性日益增强,村民通过二次建构村民代表的方式,实现了交往理性的最大化;协商是一个反复建构的过程。为了进一步推进协商,研究建议,应该完善法律法规;提高农民的文化资本;落实农民的话语权;公共领域要坚持科学民主决策;发挥大众传媒的作用;发挥基层党组织的领导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Constructing an ideal type of action is the main issue that many scholars have been exploring . when reflecting on the theory of action in the past, deliberation, with her theoretical advantages, such as equality, inclusiveness, rationality , responsible charater, legality ,etc. is drawing the attention of more and more scholars。Scholars from different fields all give their own descriptions and interpretations. However, the previous study is focused on the the charaterics of deliberation due to the reserchers’perspective and the limitation of theory they rely on, and little consideration is given to how deliberation can be construced. In practice, we can always see traces of deliberation everywhere, only that we are more concerned about the public hearings beore policies related to people’s welfare are made and discussions on the Internet forum , only that we seldom describe and analyze how deliberation is built, especially the deliberation in a microcosmic sense. Through research on the process of deliberation building, the deliberation theory itself can be enriched and developed, and what’s more, it can make a great contribution to building a harmonious society if an active communication can be made between the government and society, between different principal parts of interests, and if local government can take into account public opinions and make a postive response when laying down policies and resolve the conflict of interest caused by social transformation through mutual deliberation .The main question that this paper answers is how to build the deliberation. Taking the case of land expropriation at Hu Dong development zone of the town D as an example, based on Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action, this paper researches into the process of deliberation bilding through three chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the deliberation process involved in land expropriation in Hu Dong development zone. Chapter II , the core of this study, is divided into six sections. It tries to explain that the pursuit of instrumental rationality motivated all parties to cooperate ; limiteded by poor cultural capital and communicative ability ,villagers were forced to elect representatives, who will negotiate with the government; the first deliberation was interruptd because all the parties concerned want to achieve the maximization of self-interest by use of the imperfectness of the regulations; during the interruption of deliberation , all parties took strategic measures , only to make the problem more complicated; during the second deliberation, the participating parties finally abandoned their own irrational demands and formeded a tripartite assessment team who would establish a compensation standard acceptable to all; all the parties conserned reached a consensus。Finally, it comes to tha conclusion that in the process of deliberation, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are always intertwined; starting from the life world is the precondition for deliberation between communicative parties. Local tradition provides abstract life situations for the villagers’intercommunication, laws and regulations provide institutional protection for the deliberation between the parties concerned, for local tradition ,laws, and regulations to take into effect, the villagers have to raise the level of their cultuaral capital; democratic discourse is the basis for deliberation ; the villagers’awareness of self-organization is growing, the villagers’maximization of communicative rationality is achieved by the way of electing representatives for the second time; deliberation building is a repeated process. In order to further promote deliberation, this paper suggests that laws and regulations should be improved, the farmers’level of cultural capital should be raised, the farmers’the right to speak should be fulfiled ; scientific and democratic decision-making in public domain should be ensured; the role of the mass media and organizations of Chinese Communist Party at the grass-roots level should be brought into play.更多还原