【作者】 乔亮；

【导师】 夏中义；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 作为现代文坛上第一位毕生致力于创作和研究为农民群众所喜闻乐见的文学作品的作家,赵树理的文学轨迹是一个极具价值的话题。而曾为他带来极大声誉的“赵树理方向”则并不能完全覆盖赵树理文学轨迹的内涵。赵树理的文学轨迹是赵树理所开创的立足乡土,以极富民俗情调的形式书写民生题材的小说创作路向,遵循的是严格的民意立场。“赵树理方向”则是主流意识形态根据其创作中合乎政策宣传需要的部分将其与《讲话》精神相结合而打造出来的,遵循的是社会主义现实主义的创作方法和政治功利的立场。探究两者之间的关系变化不仅可以凸显赵树理文学思想的价值,还可以映衬出作家的人格力量。赵树理的文学轨迹不仅是作家用一生走过的创作历程,更是蕴含着民意立场、民生题材与民俗情调三方面的,用自己文字实践的文学观。这种文学观的形成有赖于时代变幻风云和作家个人经历内外两方面原因的推动。而“赵树理方向”的诞生同样有客观和主观双重动因。一方面是由作为“方向”诞生背景的《讲话》、《讲话》的经典化过程以及解放区文艺创作状况组成的成就“方向”的外因;另一方面是作家创作中内蕴的与《讲话》精神的契合之处,即“赵树理方向”诞生的内因。赵树理小说中的“典型流氓”形象中蕴含的特质则昭示了二者本体意义上的错位。赵树理进京之后,“方向”与轨迹的貌合神离逐渐通过作家文学创作、文论创作和内心状态三方面的矛盾呈现出来。作家在这一时期的文论话语也从侧面呈现了作家对主流话语改塑的拒绝。赵树理笔下的“非典型性地主”形象的分析则可以管窥“方向”与轨迹的裂隙。1958年之后,是赵树理与“方向”的双向疏离阶段。赵树理在那个虚妄时代里依然通过文学创作和个人活动保持着对立场的坚守;在日益严厉的话语规约之下仍采取种种方式将自己的民意立场曲折地表达出来,但在内外双重困境之下终于难逃创作活力的衰退的宿命。《锻炼锻炼》中的“曲折表达”既是对当时农村实情的传达也是对作家酸涩心态的写照。而在赵树理与柳青、浩然的作品比较和文学观比较的视野中则可以凸显赵树理这个跟不上方向的“方向”的文学选择和人生选择的价值与意义。三部合作化小说中的农村基层干部形象的比较分析更能够从细部比对出三位作家不同的文学选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhao shuli is the first writer in modern Chinese literature who devoted his life to the creation and exploring of the literature which is enjoyed by peasants hierarchy. His literature career is a valuable subject, but the“Zhao shuli direction”can’t be deemed as the essence of his literature career. Through his literature career, Zhao shuli explored such kind of fictions which are rooted in rural area, subjected to people’s livelihood, based on public opinion and have a folk-custom style. While according to those parts in his literature which can be used as policy advocacy, the“Zhao shuli direction”is proposed in accordance with the spirit of the Speech by those who hold the mainstream ideology and political utilitarian standpoint, following the“Socialist Realist”creation method. To investigate the difference and relation between“Zhao shuli direction”and Zhao shuli’s literature career will make the value of his literature thinking highlighted and reveal his personality.Zhao shuli’s literature career includes not only the process of his creation but also the practicing of his literature thoughts .And it features three aspects such as standing on public opinion, being subjected to people’s livelihood, having a folk-custom style. Both times and his personal experience contributed to the formation of his literature thoughts.Analogously, the formation of“Zhao shuli direction”results from objective factor and subjective factor: first, came into force in his times, and was advocated exceedingly, which played an important role on affecting the literature and art creation in Chinese liberation area. Second, there is likelihood between some parts of his literature and the viewpoint of the Speech. Through the figure of“typical rogue”in his fictions, it can be seen that there is a substantially difference between his literature thoughts and the viewpoint of the Speech.After his entering into Beijing, there was a struggle in his literature creation, literature theory and cockles of his heart, showing“Zhao shuli direction”is seemingly in harmony but actually at variance with his literature career. During this period, according to his literature theory, it appears on the one hand that the writer refused to accept the reorganization of mainstream opinion. The analysis of“atypical landlord”in his literature reveals the variation between“Zhao shuli direction”and his literature career on the other hand.After 1958, both Zhao shuli and“Zhao shuli direction”kept their distance with each other. In his personal life and literature creation he still held his ground in that vain time.Although he expressed his public opinion standpoint politely by all means under the more and harsher language circumstance, he is doomed to the recession of creativity in the inner and outer dilemma. The“Indirectly expressed”in《Duanlian Duanlian》demonstrates both the actual situation in rural area and his austerity state of mind.Compared with Liu qing and Hao ran’s literature and literature theory, the value and meaning of Zhao shuli’s choice in literature and life can be showed clearly. Through the comparison and analysis of rural grass-root cadres depicted in three fictions on agricultural collectivization, we can see the different choices in literature made by three writers.更多还原