【作者】 童霞；

【导师】 吴林海；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 食品贸易与文化， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 2007年中国进出口总额达到21738.3亿美元,已连续六年稳居第三位,成为世界瞩目的贸易大国。然而,中国人均外贸额低于世界平均水平,尤其是出口贸易的增长方式粗放,并不是贸易强国。实际上自改革开放以来,中国出口商品在规模不断扩大,结构不断调整的同时,出口结构总体层次仍然偏低的格局,出口贸易量虽然可以与发达国家相比,但出口商品结构却与许多发展中国家相似,资源性、高耗能、高污染产业在出口份额中所占比例大,诱发了一系列的严重后果,遭遇门类众多的国外技术性贸易壁垒,导致巨大的贸易损失,而且恶化了贸易条件,以消耗自然资源,牺牲国内环境为代价的传统的出口贸易发展模式必须调整。基于中国资源和环境约束的现状,如何调整优化出口商品结构,寻找应对措施是摆在我们面前需要迫切解决的研究课题。本文着重以资源约束和出口贸易结构转型为视角,从资源约束与经济增长、贸易出口与经济增长、出口结构等方面进行了多层次、多维度的研究综述;以资源可持续利用的西方经济学理论,及建立在比较优势、竞争优势、产业结构升级、国际市场份额基础上的出口商品结构理论为理论基础,为研究基于资源约束的中国出口商品结构转型提供了理论支撑;通过对中国资源约束及出口商品结构的现状分析,得出中国出口商品尽管有所改善,存在的问题及诱发的后果仍然十分严重,特别是随着经济的发展,资源约束的进一步加强,基于资源约束的中国出口商品结构的调整已势在必行;并以中国水产品出口结构的实例分析,说明了中国水产品面临的资源约束及出口结构问题,得出水产品出口商品结构转型已迫在眉睫;在借鉴日韩成功经验的基础上,从中国的实际出发,从注重自主创新、优化产业结构、重塑制度框架三方面提出了优化中国出口商品结构的对策框架。本文的主要创新就在于,基于资源约束的出口商品结构的经济学分析,建立了资源约束条件下的出口商品结构转型的理论分析框架。在此基础上,通过基于资源约束的中国出口商品结构的数学模型分析,验证了技术进步、产业结构、制度安排等与资源约束、出口商品结构的内在关系,验证了出口商品结构优化对单位GDP资源的消耗的降低的效应,以及技术进步、产业结构升级、制度创新是出口商品结构优化的主要路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The total volume of Chinese imports and exports reached $2173.83 billion in 2007, which has remained the third in the world for six consecutive years. China has become a great trading country attracting the attention of the whole world. However, a big trade country is not trade power yet. Chinese per capita trade is lower than the world average, and there is a wide gap between China and developed countries in some indexes of trade power, such as trade growth pattern. Along with the continuous expanding of China’s merchandise export volume, the export structure has also been regulated since the reform and open policy. Although China has improved its export structure, it still relatively falls behind on the whole. Even China’s export trade volume can catch up with that of the developed countries; the structure of export commodities is similar to that of many developing countries. China’s exports of primary products, resource-intensive products and high polluting products still occupied a large proportion of total export ratio. The existing structure of export commodities has brought about a series of negative consequences: (1) Easy to trigger trade war, such as anti-dumping and technical barriers (2) Co-existence between high speed of export growth and low efficiency. (3) High export dependency and terms of trade deterioration. Moreover, China has provided cheap natural resources to import countries at the expense of its domestic resource for years. Therefore, it is very important for us to know how to adjust the export structure of China according to its resource constraints.From the perspective of resource constraints and export trading structure this paper conducted multi-level, multi-dimensional studies of resource constraints and economic growth, exports and economic growth, export structure. Some economic theory of sustainable resources utilization and the export structure theory on the basis of comparative advantages, competitive advantages, upgrading the industrial structure and the international market share provide the theoretical support for the regulation of China’s export structure as the resource constraints. Though Status Analysis of export structure and resource constraints in China, we draw a conclusion that although the present situation is better, the problems and effects induced by it are quite serious. Especially combined with economy developing, resource constraints are getting worse. Combined with example analysis of aquatic products, it shows that a structure-optimizing export is imperative. This paper also put forward counter-measures for optimizing China’s export structure based on present China’s situation and lessons drawn from South Korea’s and Japanese successful experience.The primary innovation of this paper is, the economic Analysis of the restructuring of export commodities as resource constraints, this paper established technological innovation, industrial restructuring, policy innovation for regulating export structure under the conditions of resource constraints; Through analyzing on the present situation of export structure and resource constraints of China and combining the empirical analysis of export structure of aquatic products, this paper proved the internal relation between technological progress, industrial structure, systematical innovation and resource constraints and export structure, As well as the reducing effect of structure-optimizing exports to GDP consumption per unit. The main method of structure-optimizing exports is technology progress, industry upgrades, and systematical innovation.更多还原