【作者】 陈菲；

【导师】 姜旭朝；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 金融学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,随着银行业监管理论与实践的发展要求,银行业监管目标实现问题研究成为银行业监管领域的重要课题,但是国内外关于该课题的研究仍停滞于概念界定和初步理论分析的阶段,缺乏全面深入的理论分析和实证分析。本文在理论分析和实证分析的基础上,得出了我国银行业监管目标存在着理论与现实矛盾的初步判断,并通过进一步对银行业监管目标实现程度分析,发现监管者存有维护银行业利益的倾向,以及导致监管者存有该倾向的深层原因。本文突破了国内关于该课题的研究思路,在理论研究和实证分析方面进行了有益探索,论文共分为四个部分:第一部分对我国银行业监管效果进行初步判断。通过对银行业监管理论推本溯源,认为银行业监管者应当实现社会福利最大化为根本目标,本文据此对我国银行业监管目标的实现效果进行分析,发现监管者在实践中偏离了最大化全社会福利的监管目标,进而求证出银行业监管目标存在着理论与现实的矛盾。第二部分银行业监管目标理论分析。首先对世界主要发达国家和我国银行业监管目标的制度设计及监管目标定位进行了分析,发现各国在银行业监管目标设计中都没有均等地体现各监管目标,而是存在不同程度的侧重。分析认为尽管发达国家对个别监管目标设计侧重相对较轻,但其凭借发达的经济发展水平、健全的法律制度体系及金融监管机制作为有效补充,在实质上已体现了银行业各监管目标的核心思想。在对现有文献综述和各国银行业监管法规分析归纳的基础上,本文认为监管者的根本动机应是实现全社会福利最大化,这是监管者力图实现的最终理想状态,本文将其定义为银行业监管的总体目标;为在银行业监管实践中有效地实现总体目标,将其细化分解为稳定、发展、效率和公平四个核心方面,本文将此定义为银行业监管的具体目标。具体目标在执行过程中必须要服从于总体目标,监管者必须确保在银行业监管具体目标的执行中不能偏离总体目标。第三部分我国银行业监管目标实现程度评价体系的构建及实证分析。根据稳定、发展、效率和公平性四个具体目标的分解要素设计了基础指标,构建了我国银行业监管目标实现程度的指标体系。使用专家打分法对该指标体系的准则层进行主观赋权,运用因子分析方法对前三个监管目标进行客观赋权,由于在个别年份数据缺失,公平性目标使用了标准差赋权法进行客观赋权。最后,综合各监管目标的赋权结果形成了该考察期间的我国银行业监管目标实现程度变化趋势。根据监管目标实现程度分析结果,审视银行业监管目标存在的理论与现实的矛盾,发现我国银行业监管者在实践中为保障银行业国有资产保值增值的目的而产生维护银行业利益的监管倾向,这导致银行业监管实践与总体目标发生偏离,成为导致银行业监管目标存在理论与现实矛盾的根本原因。第四部分改进和提升我国银行业监管目标实现的对策建议。结合各监管目标实现程度的分析结果,提出监管者应矫正目前存在的监管倾向,着重加强公平性目标和发展性目标的监管,继续加强对稳定和效率性目标的监管,按照维护和增进公共利益的总体目标推进银行业监管目标有效实现。本文创新之处在于:第一,从社会福利角度深层次分析银行业监管实践对监管目标的实现效果,发现银行业监管者未能按照既定监管目标维护和增进公共利益,而是偏离了最大化社会福利的目标,银行业监管目标存在着理论与现实的矛盾。第二,构建了我国银行业监管目标实现程度评价体系,实证分析了银行业监管目标实现程度,得到近年来银行业监管目标实现程度的改进趋势:1998-1999年期间实现程度略有下降,1999-2004年期间呈快速提升的趋势,2004-2006年期间逐渐降低,2006-2007年期间呈逐步提升的趋势。第三,对银行业监管目标实现效果进行深度分析,发现监管者在实践中出于保障银行业国有资产保值增值的动机而产生维护银行业利益的监管倾向,这导致银行业监管实践与总体目标发生偏离,成为导致银行业监管目标存在理论与现实矛盾的根本原因。本文属于将规制经济学与银行业监管相结合的一篇理论探索性论文,在银行业监管目标实现问题研究方面做出了有益的探索和实践,但其中仍不免存有不足之处,主要是:第一,对银行业监管目标实现程度指标体系有待进一步丰富和完善。受数据可得性的制约,银行业监管目标实现程度指标体系未能涵盖所有应纳入评价体系的指标,这需要在下一步研究中进一步改进和完善。第二,本文实证研究目的是要得到1998-2007年期间我国银行业监管目标实现程度的改进趋势,所构建的银行业监管目标指标体系定位于定量研究,由于定性指标取值主要依靠主观判断、客观性较低,因此本评价体系未纳入定性指标,这有待于将来进一步完善分析方法,将定性指标也纳入指标体系更全面地反映银行业监管目标实现效果。第三,银行业监管实践对社会福利的影响分析有待进一步完善并改进社会福利的测算方法。本文创新之处就在于从社会福利角度深层次分析银行业监管实践对监管目标的实现效果,验证银行业监管实践是否遵循最大化全社会福利的总体目标。但是在现有理论和分析技术的局限下,本文关于银行业监管实践导致社会福利损失的测算仅是近似的估计,仍有待进一步精确和完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development requirements of banking supervision theory and practice, the objective of banking supervision has become a significant subject in recent years. However, this subject still stagnates in the stage of concept definition and basic theory analysis as well as it is lack of the roundly and profoundly theory analysis and empirical analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis even or the analysis for banking supervision objective implementation degree, it is found that the regulators have the tendency of safeguarding the interests of banking, so that it is become the main reason for regulators also having this tendency. This paper breaks through the previous research thinking in China as well as introduces the regulation theory into the research of banking supervision objective, and then it is made the beneficial exploration at the aspects of theoretical research and empirical analysis. This paper includes four parts:The first part is the preliminary judge for Chinese banking supervision effect. Though the basic source of banking supervision theory, it is believed that the banking regulators should make the achievement of social welfare maximization as the fundamental goal. So this article makes the analysis of Chinese banking supervision objective effect and it is found that the regulators have deviated from the supervision objective of whole social maximization welfare in the practice. Accordingly, it is proved that the banking supervision objective existing the contradiction between theory and reality.The second part is the theoretical analysis of the banking supervision objective. Firstly, it is analyzed the banking supervision objective regulation design and supervision objective location of China and other major developed countries of the world. As a result, it is found that all the countries do not reflect the supervision objective equally in their banking supervision objective design, but make the emphasis at different degrees. According to analysis, it is considered that the developed countries make less emphasis on some supervision objective design, though these counties has already essentially embodied the core idea of banking supervision objective by the effective supplementary of their advanced level of economic development, a sound legal system and financial system. On the basis of analyzing existing literature and banking supervision regulations, this article considered that the fundamental motive of regulators should be to achieve social welfare maximizing which is the ultimate ideal of regulators, so this article will define it as the overall objective of banking supervision. In order to make the effective implementation of overall objective in the banking supervision practice, it is divided into four core factors which are refinement, development, efficiency and fairness these are the specific objectives of banking supervision. Specific objectives must be subject to the overall goal in the implementation process and regulators need to ensure that the implementation of specific objectives should not deviate from the overall objective.The third part is the construction and empirical study for Chinese banking supervision objective realization and evaluation system. According to the specific objectives decomposition elements of stability, development, efficiency and fairness, it is designed the basic indexes and the index system of Chinese banking supervision objectives realization degree. It is made the subjective empowerment on the criteria layer of this index system by experts scoring and made the objective empowerment on other three supervision objectives by factor analysis method. Because of the lack of data in individual years, fairness objective is made the objective empowerment by the method of standard deviation. Finally, it is formed the trends of realization degree of banking supervision objective during this study period. Examining the theoretical and practical contradictions existed in banking supervision objectives by the analysis of supervision objectives realization degree, it is concluded that Chinese banking supervision regulators have the tendency of protecting banking benefits in order to ensure the preserving and increasing the value of state-owned banking sector assets. As a result, it is led to the practice of banking supervision deviated from the overall objective and this is become the root reason of causing the contradictions between theory and practice in banking supervision objectives.The fourth part is reflection and policy recommendations for Chinese banking supervision objective. It is made that the regulators should be to correct the existing regulatory orientation, especially make the emphasis on the regulation objectives of development and fairness. At the same time, it is continually strengthen the regulation objectives of stability and efficiency. Also, it is promoted the effective implementation of banking supervision objectives according to the overall objective of protecting and enhancing public interest.The innovative points of this paper are those that, firstly, it is deeply analyzed the realization of banking supervision practice for banking supervision objectives from the perspective of social welfare, so it is found that the banking regulators do not according to the provided objectives to protect and promote the public interest. As a result, it is deviated from the objective of maximizing the social welfare and the banking regulation objectives are existed the contradictions between theory and reality. Secondly, this paper established the system of banking supervision objective realization which is made the empirical analysis and it is found that the changing trends of banking supervision objective realization degree in performances of those: It was decreased slightly during the period 1998 to 1999. The period the trend of 1999 to 2004 was increasing rapidly. The realization degree of 2004 to 2006 was reducing gradually. During 2006 to 2007 it is increasing continuously. Thirdly, with deep analysis of banking supervision objectives realization results, it is concluded that Chinese banking supervision regulators have the tendency of protecting banking benefits in order to ensure the preserving and increasing the value of state-owned banking sector assets. As a result, it is led to the practice of banking supervision deviated from the overall objective and this is become the root reason of causing the contradictions between theory and practice in banking supervision objectives.This dissertation belongs to theoretical explorative research which combines regulation economics with industrial economics and banking regulation. It makes a beneficial exploration and practice in the studying of banking regulation efficiency. However, it still has some disadvantages which are that: Firstly, remaining to further improve and refine the evaluation system of banking regulation objective realization degree which can not put the entire evaluation index into empirical research due to the objective difficulties in obtaining data. So to a certain extent, defectiveness has been brought to the entire empirical research. Secondly, this dissertation mainly makes the evaluation of banking supervision objective realization as quantitative study rather than qualitative study. Because the qualitative index obtained in the time series is so difficult to show the changes in trend of supervision objective realization degree that it can not be put into empirical research. All of these will remain to be improved in the future. Thirdly, the impact analysis of Banking Supervision to the social welfare is to be further enriched the theoretical basis for improving and perfecting the evaluation technical methods of social welfare loss. With the limitations of existed theories and technologies, this article has chosen to approximately estimate the impact of social welfare losses led by banking supervision in the use of social welfare losses caused by economic price regulation. This is the most reasonable research method under the objective limited conditions though it has one-sidedness. In this paper, it is considered that there are more comprehensive and effective methods of measuring social welfare losses indicators and making empirical analysis with the deep development of banking regulation theory and technology.更多还原