【作者】 孙宪印；

【导师】 王洪刚； 李斯深；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 小麦作为世界和我国最主要的粮食作物之一,在粮食生产中具有举足轻重的作用。随着人们生活水平的改善,育种家在不断提高小麦育成品种产量的同时,越来越重视对其品质性状的遗传改良。小麦籽粒品质包括籽粒形态品质、营养品质和加工品质,在籽粒形态品质和营养品质方面,籽粒大小和微营养品质是小麦品质遗传改良中的重要目标性状。本研究利用课题组创制的“川35050×山农483”RIL群体(ShCh群体,2008年为F16)为材料(父母本均为1B/1R代换系),对籽粒的形态(粒长,粒宽,千粒重和容重)和微营养品质性状(粗纤维,微量元素和脂肪酸含量等)进行了测定和QTL定位分析,以期了解其遗传控制机制。获得了以下主要结果。(1)小麦粒形和粒重的QTL分析。在4个环境下对ShCh群体的籽粒性状,包括粒长,粒宽,千粒重和容重进行了测定,共检测出位于1A、1B、1D、2A、2B、3B、4A、4B、5D、6A、6B和7B染色体上的20个QTL,其中包括6个粒长QTL、3个粒宽QTL、4个千粒重QTL、7个容重QTL。在不同环境下,单个QTL可解释表型变异的5.9-26.4%。17个加性QTL的等位基因增效效应来自川35050,另外3个QTL的增效效应来自山农483。8个QTL(40%)在两个或以上环境下被检测到,是相对稳定遗传的QTL。有关粒宽,千粒重和容重的QTL形成2个QTL簇,位于2A和5D染色体。在6A染色体上检测到的交叠QTL(co-located QTLs),包括在2个环境下1个粒宽QTL和在4个环境下都检测到的1个千粒重QTL。这些重复出现的稳定QTL附近的标记可能用于辅助选择。(2)近红外测定部分小麦品质性状的QTL分析。以ShCh群体为材料,在6个环境种植,利用近红外反射光谱法测定了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉含量、粗纤维含量和籽粒硬度,共检测到38个QTL,位于16条染色体上,其中包括9个籽粒蛋白质含量QTL,5个淀粉含量QTL,14个粗纤维含量QTL和13个硬度QTL。在不同环境下,单个QTL可解释表型变异的4.2-73.7%。13个QTL(34.2%)在两个及以上环境下被检测到,具有一定的稳定性。4个交叠QTL位于1B、2D、4B和5D染色体上,与3个性状有关的2个QTL簇位于1B和1D染色体上。在2个环境(泰安2007;烟台2007)检测到具有较高贡献率的蛋白质含量的QTL(QGpc.sdau-4A)位于5.9-cM的标记区间(Xissr23b-Xwmc308- Xsrap7c)。蛋白质含量QTL(QGh.sdau-1D.2)在3个环境(菏泽2007,2008;烟台2007)下同时被检测到,贡献率分别为37.1%,38.9%和29.7%,说明它们是2个主效QTL。(3)小麦籽粒微量元素含量的QTL分析。以ShCh群体为材料,在2年3点5个环境种植,利用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定9种小麦籽粒矿质元素含量,包括P、K、Mg、S、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn。利用QTL分析方法检测了控制相应性状的位点。共检测到38个QTL,位于13条染色体上。在不同环境下,单个QTL可解释表型变异的5.9-81.68%。19个加性QTL的增效效应来自山农483,19个加性QTL的增效效应来自川53050。检测到P、K、Mg、S、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn元素QTL的位点数分别是5、3、4、4、6、9、4、1和3。仅有5个QTL在2个及以上环境下被检测到,遗传稳定性差。交叠QTL位于1B、3B、3D、4A、6A和7A染色体上,其中,包括染色体4A、3D、4A和7A染色体上的4个QTL簇,表明不同元素QTL之间可能存在连锁关系,也可能是“一因多效”的结果(4)小麦脂肪酸含量的QTL分析。以ShCh群体为材料,在2年3点5个环境种植,利用气相色谱法测定了小麦籽粒棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,利用QTL分析方法检测控制相应性状的位点。共检测到35个QTL,位于1A、1B、2A、2B、2D、3B、3D、4A、5A、5A、5B、5D、6A、6B和7B等13条染色体上。在不同环境下,单个QTL可解释表型变异的3.85-43.37%。20个加性QTL的增效效应来自山农483,15个加性QTL的增效效应来自川53050。检测到棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量的QTL位点数分别是7、10、9、5和4。9个QTL在两个及以上环境下被检测到,遗传稳定性较差。交叠QTL位于1A、2A、3B、4A、5A和7B染色体上,其中,在5D染色体上有1个QTL簇,表明不同元素QTL之间可能存在连锁关系,这与一般相关分析是一致的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat yield and quality are very important for the grain production, as the second-largest crop worldwide. Wheat grain qualities include morphologic quality, nutritional quality and processing quality. For the morphologic quality, peasant prefer sowing big size to small size grain. For nutritional quality, people not only want to eat one’s fill but also want to eat one’s well along with the standard of living improved, so they pay more attention to grain micronutrition than ever.In order to improve wheat breeding level and study the genetic mechanism of kernel morphologic and micro-nutritional qualities, such as kernel shape, weight, crude fiber, micro-nutritional minerals as well as fatty acid, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted in common wheat using a set of 131 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from‘Chuan 35050’בShannong 483’(ChSh population). The mian results are as follows.1) QTL analysis of kernel shape and weight Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of kernel shape and weight in common wheat was conducted using ChSh population. The RIL and their two parental genotypes were evaluated for kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and test weight (TW) in four different environments. Twenty QTL were located on 12 chromosomes, 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5D, 6A, 6B, and 7B, with single QTL in different environments explaining 5.9–26.4% of the phenotypic variation. Six, three, four, and seven QTL were detected for KL, KW, TKW, and TW, respectively. The additive effects for 17 QTL were positive with Chuan 35050 increasing the QTL effects, whereas the remaining three QTL were negative with Shannong 483 increasing the effects. Eight QTL (40%) were detected in two or more environments. Two QTL clusters relating to KW, TKW, and TW were located on chromosomes 2A and 5D, and the co-located QTL on chromosome 6A involved a QTL for KW found in two environments and a QTL for TKW detected in four environments.2) QTL analysis of wheat quality tested by NIR QTL mapping of wheat quality traits tested by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) in common wheat were conducted using ChSh population. The RILs were evaluated for grain protein content (GPC), grain starch content (GSC), grain crude fibre content (GCFC) and grain hardness (GH) in six environments. A total of 38 QTLs were located on 16 chromosomes with a single QTL explaining 4.2-73.7% phenotypic variation in different environments. Nine, five, fourteen, thirteen and ten QTLs for GPC, GSC, GCFC and GH were detected. Thirteen QTLs (34.2%) were detected in two or more environments. Four co-located QTLs between two traits occurred on chromosomes 1B, 2D, 4B and 5D, and two QTL clusters related to three traits were located on chromosomes 1B and 1D. QGpc.sdau-4A were located in a 5.9-cM marker region of Xissr23b-Xwmc308- Xsrap7c with the highest contributions; and the contributions of QGh.sdau-1D.2 were 37.1, 38.9 and 29.7% in HZ07, HZ08 and YT07, respectively, suggesting that these two QTLs were major QTLs.3) QTL analysis of grain elemnt concent QTL mapping for grain elemnt content tested by ICPOES (inductively couples plasma optical emission spectrometry) in common wheat were conducted using ChSh population. The RILs were evaluated for nine type of elemnt concentration including P, K, Mg, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in five environments. A total of 38 QTLs were located on 13 chromosomes with a single QTL explaining 5.9-81.68% phenotypic variation in different environments. Five, three, four, four, six, nine, four, one and three QTLs for P, K, Mg, S, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn content were detected. Only five QTLs were detected in two environments. Six co-located QTLs between two traits occurred on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 3D, 4A, 6A and 7A, and four QTL clusters related to different traits were located on chromosomes 1D, 3D, 4A and 7A. The result maybe implye that the grain element content are affected by different environment, and that there is a linkage relation among the QTLs about grain element content.4) QTL analysis of wheat fatty acid QTL mapping for grain fatty acid content tested by Gas Chromatography in common wheat were conducted using ChSh population. The RILs were evaluated for five type of fatty content including almitic acid (C16:0), Stearic acid (C18:0), Oleic acid (C18:1), Linoleic acid (C18:2) and Linolenic acid in five environments. A total of 35 QTLs were located on 13 chromosomes with a single QTL explaining 3.85-43.73% phenotypic variations in different environments. Seven, ten, nine, five and four QTLs for almitic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid concent were detected, respectively. Only five QTLs were detected in two environments. Six co-located QTLs between two traits occurred on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 3B, 4A, 5A and 7B, and only one QTL clusters related to different traits were located on chromosomes5D. The results maybe suggest that there is a linkage relation among the QTLs relating to grain fatty content,and these are in accordance with the correlation coefficients.更多还原