【作者】 王欣；

【导师】 张朋川；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 宋元明清是中国传统公众活动蓬勃发展的时期,随之带动的是公众活动环境及设计的发展与变化。本文以宋元明清公众活动的环境及设计为研究对象,探析此时期公众活动环境及设计的发展轨迹和时代特征。由于本文研究的时间跨度较长,研究的涉及面较广,因而在行文中以明清作为主要的研究时间段,并构建节日文化、仪礼文化、宗教文化、商业文化等四个主题。在不同的文化主题下展开对宋元明清公众活动环境及设计的研究与探析。本文的研究分为三个层次:首先,对宋元明清公众活动发生的场域进行有关料的搜集、整理,归纳,尽力勾勒出一个公众活动发生的物理环境和场域范围。其次强调人与环境的互动关系,以人在环境中的活动感受以及活动对环境及设计的影响两个方面进行阐述分析。最后,将公众活动的环境及设计放置于宋元明清的时空背景中,客观地做出价值判断,准确地提炼出规则特征。通过研究发现,宋元明清公众活动环境及设计的形成发展是以当时社会生活的日益丰富和公众活动的蓬勃发展为基础的。在继承传统的同时,宋元明清的公众活动环境及设计又应时代新因之变产生了变异与革新。此时期公众活动环境及设计的主要特征为:一、注重空间的包容性。从物质空间的角度看,同一空间可以兼容多种公众活动的发生;从非物质空间的角度看,其中隐含着一个包容的文化空间。二、活动空间强调文化内涵,注重以文化为增强空间凝聚力的纽带。三、尊重伦理规范,在环境及设计中突出等级、尊卑。四、公众活动的环境呈现城市化、商业化特征,城市成为此时期公众活动的主要发生地。五,活动环境中的逸乐功能不断凸现,娱乐成为公众活动环境的主要次生功能。六、多层位设计的互补。宋元明清公众活动的组织单位由官方民间合力组成。尤其是明清公众活动的组织单位由官方转向民间。基层社会组织自觉地参与到公众活动的设计中,使之呈现出更为丰富多元的面貌。七、建构起城乡连续的公众活动大环境。公众活动的开展大都以城市为中心向周边乡村地区辐射,表现出地理区域的连续性。八、活动氛围呈现出理性色彩。以伦理、礼乐为指导思想的设计约束着人们的情绪。宋元明清公众活动环境及设计所蕴含的亲切性、人文性和整体性观照仍值得借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Song Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasty are regarded as a period when Chinese traditional public activities were in the full swing, along with which came the fast development and change of environment and design of public activities. In this thesis, the author targets at the environment and design of public activities in these four dynasties to further explore the developing trace and trend of the times of such design. Since the environment and design of public activities involves many aspects, the analysis and exploration are conducted from four perspectives, namely Festival Culture, Etiquette Culture, Religious Culture and Commercial Culture.The research is conducted in three steps. First of all, reference materials of premises where public activities took place in Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties are collected, organized and summarized so as to picture the physical environment and premise scope of the public activities. Then, emphasis is put on the interactive relationship between people and environment. Analyses are made both on how people feel in the environment of public activities and how activities influence the environment and design. Lastly, the author puts such environment and design under the space-time of Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties. By objective value determination, rules and features of such design are accurately extracted.Through research, the author finds that the development and formation of the environment and design of public activities in Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties actually resulted from the ever richer and rigorous development of public activities in that period. While inheriting the traditional environmental design, such design has also changed and innovated along with the times. The main characteristics of the design in this period include:1. Focus on the tolerance of space. From the perspective of physical space, one same space could hold the occurrence of various kinds of public activities. From the non-physical space perspective, the space also implicitly contains the cultural space.2. Cultural connotation of the activity space is emphasized by using culture as the link to strengthen the cohesive force of the space.3. Rules of ethics are realized by stressing hierarchy and precedence in the environment and design.4. The environment and design of public activities presents features of urbanization and commercialization and city became the main premise where public activities took place in Song Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties.5. The entertaining function of the environment appears as the main secondary function of the environment of public activities.6. Form designing forces from multiple levels. The organizing unit of public activities has transferred from government to non-government. Grass-roots social organizations joined the design on their own initiative, making the design present rich and multi-level features.7. Build the continuous environment of public activities in city and countryside. The interaction of public usually features in city as the focus and countryside as the supplement, which reveals the geographical continuity of the region.8. The atmosphere of the activity presents sensible color. The environmental design uses ethics and courtesy as the guiding ideology, which restrains people’s sentiment.In summary, the environment and design of public activities in Song Yuan Ming and Qing dynasties is the continuation of traditions. At the same time, it involves some new elements of the times. The affinity, humanism, and integrity contained in the design still deserve us to learn.更多还原