【作者】 李艳红；

【导师】 诸葛铠；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 装饰品的产生与史前先民生存的自然环境、生活方式和思想观念等有关。由于装饰部位和装饰对象的不同,装饰品可分为头颈饰、四肢饰、躯干饰、服装饰物及用品饰物。装饰品的主要材质有骨、角、牙、蚌、贝等源于动物的材质以及木、石、陶、煤精、玉等。从纵向来看,中国史前装饰品在同一区域的不同时期风格有所不同,且有其自身发展演变的规律;从横向来看,中国史前装饰品在同一时期的不同区域各具特色,但同时存在各种相互影响的因素。中国史前装饰品种类繁多,从造型特点出发,可分为四类:1、以环、筒形为典型特征的装饰品;2、以球形为主要造型特征的装饰品;3、以直线形为造型典型特征的装饰品;4、以弧线、曲线为主要造型特征的装饰品。我们对每一类装饰品都进行了较为详尽的造型特征分析。中国史前社会发展的不平衡导致了不同地区进入文明时代的时间不同。基于此,我们大体上以进入文明的时间为界,主要根据生产力发展水平及全国各地区的社会发展状况,对中国史前装饰品进行了区系划分,在此基础上对各区系的装饰品进行了分期,并对各期特征进行了研究。根据社会文化和装饰品的发展情况,中国史前装饰品可分为六大区域:1、东北地区;2、西北地区;3、华北地区;4、华中地区;5、华南地区;6、西南地区。各地区又根据自身的特点,划分为几个亚区域。中国目前发现最早的装饰品产生于旧石器时代晚期,因此这一时期是本研究的起点。各地区社会发展的不平衡使史前时期的下限也不尽相同。中国文明的出现大约在新石器时代晚期、铜石并用时代,我们大体上以这个时期作为研究的时间下限,而对于社会发展较缓慢的地区则延长到早期青铜时代,极个别地区甚至延长至早期铁器时代。为此,我们将中国史前装饰品的发展分为四个基本时期:1、萌芽期:旧石器时代晚期;2、早期:新石器时代早期;3、中期:新石器时代中期;4、晚期:新石器时代晚期、铜石并用时代(部分地区延长至早期青铜时代,个别地区至早期铁器时代)。每个时期具体的时间界限是模糊的,即对于不同地区,每个时期的具体起止时间有所不同。在对中国史前装饰品分区分期的基础上,我们又从整体上对各区系、各时期的装饰品进行了特征研究。首先,分析了每个地区的装饰品在不同时期的特点及总体发展规律。其次,在全国范围内,从整体的角度探析了不同时期装饰品的重点发展区域。再次,我们对几种典型装饰品的发展轨迹进行了探索,以寻找各区系间的影响。最后,我们还探讨了中国史前装饰品的材料、种类及特殊使用方式等在区系间的交流情况。通过研究,我们得出以下结论:一、中国史前装饰品的发展在整体上具有不平衡性和多元性;二、中国史前装饰品的造型是丰富多彩的;三、中国史前装饰品的发展具有阶段性,但各阶段之间存在某种延续性;四、中国史前装饰品在不同阶段的重点发展区域不同;五、中国史前装饰品在各区系之间存在交流和相互影响的情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 The emergence of ornaments related with the natural environments where prehistorically ancestors lived,life style and word outlook,etc.Ornaments can divide into head and neck ornaments,limbs ornaments,trunk ornaments,clothes ornaments and articles ornaments according to the difference of ornamental positions and objects. Major materials of ornaments included born,horn,tooth,clam,shellfish,etc.,most of which came from animals,and wood,stone,pottery,coal amber,jade etc.From the longitude,prehistorically Chinese ornaments showed different styles in the same region which on the different time,and it also had its own law of development;From the transverse,prehistorically Chinese ornaments presented varying characteristics on the same time which in different regions,but it there are also different factors by infected each other at the same time.Depending on the characteristics of the styles,prehistorically Chinese ornaments could divide into four types:firstly,ornaments have typical characteristics like rings and tubes;secondly,ornaments have typical characteristics like globes;thirdly,ornaments have typical characteristics like straight lines;fourthly,ornaments have typical characteristics like arc or curve.We respectively analyzed their characteristics of styles in detail.It was the disequilibrium of the development of prehistorically Chinese society that leaded to different regions went into cultural era in a different time.Based on this,we roughly used the time of going into cultural era as the dividing line,mainly according to the development level of productive forces and the development conditions of society; the whole country was divided into different regions and departments for the prehistorically Chinese ornaments.Then,we correspondingly divided the ornaments into different periods for the different regions,and studied the characteristics of all periods.According to the department state of society culture and ornaments,prehistorically Chinese ornaments can divide into six big regions:1.northeast region;2.northwest region;3.north China region;4.middle China region;5.south China region;6. southwest region.Every region has been divided into several sub-regions according to their own characteristics.At present,the emergency of the earliest ornament in China appeared at the late chronology of the Old Stone Age,so this chronology was the start of our study for this article.The lower limit of Chinese prehistorically stage was different due to the disequilibrium of society development in every area.Because Chinese culture probably appeared at the late of the New Stone Age or the Copper and Stone Age,so our study roughly end at this chronology,while some regions prolonged to the early chronology of the Bronze Age,and one or two regions were prolonged to the early chronology of the Iron Age,because the society there comparatively developed slowly.So we divided it into four based chronology:firstly,it is the chronology of germination,namely the late chronology of the Old Stone Age;secondly,it is the early chronology,namely the early chronology of the New Stone Age;thirdly,it is the middle chronology,namely the middle chronology of the New Stone Age;fourthly,it is the late chronology,namely the late chronology of the New Stone Age,also can be matched to the Copper and Stone Age(Some regions was prolonged to the early chronology of the Bronze Age,and one or two regions even to the early chronology of the Iron Age).The limit lines of the specific time are ambiguously,namely the specific time of beginning and ending is different in the different regions.Next,we studied the characteristics of the ornaments on the whole,based on the regions and chronology we have divided for the prehistorically Chinese ornaments. Firstly,we analyzed the characteristics of ornaments on different chronology and its wholly development regularities for all regions.Secondly,we explored the important development regions of different chronology on an angle of a whole for the ornaments all over the country.Thirdly,we explored the development tracks of several typical ornaments,and hoped to find out the infections existing in all regions.Lastly,we also discussed the infection among regions and departments about the materials,kinds and the special methods of use of the prehistorically Chinese ornaments.Through the study,we get the conclusions as follows:Firstly,the development of prehistorically Chinese ornaments possessed disequilibrium and pluralistic characteristics as a whole.Secondly,the styles of prehistorically Chinese ornaments are rich and varied.Thirdly,the development of prehistorically Chinese ornaments possessed phase characteristics,and meanwhile it also has the continual property.Fourthly,the important development regions are different on different chronology of the prehistorically Chinese ornaments.Lastly,there were the cases of interflow and infection among regions and departments of prehistorically Chinese ornaments.更多还原