【作者】 彭剑波；

【导师】 李强；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 建筑学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 社会公正是我们长期追求的目标。空间资源的分配,已经成为城市社会资源分配是否公正的最为核心的问题。将社会公正的研究拓展到“空间分配公正”领域正成为一个日益重要的新研究方向。目前,高尔夫球场在中国大陆发展迅猛,大量高尔夫球场建设中,公共生态空间私用化特征非常明显,并且已经构成一种空间不平等,衍生出空间剥夺、不平等的二次生产、危害城市生态安全等诸多社会空间问题,成为当前社会空间重构与转型中一个值得关注和研究的重要问题。本研究以北京市高尔夫球场建设为例,应用空间政治经济学的理论框架对公共生态空间私用化的现状及其生产机制进行了研究。笔者通过对北京市55个高尔夫正式球场和120个高尔夫练习场的建设过程及现状的问卷调查,以及典型球场的参与观察与深度访谈,从政府、市场、社会三个主体的博弈过程及互动关系对公共生态空间私用化的生产机制进行了解构,发现政府在制度失灵、机构寻租、官员腐败方面的三重失灵,市场在土地获取、建设施工、运营阶段的三重越轨,公民个体缺席以及NGO第三部门失位下社会的二重缺位,共同构成公共生态空间私用化产生的综合机制。笔者还总结了政府与高尔夫球场开发商之间基于利益联盟下的政企合谋模型,发现了在此政企合谋模型下城市规划管理体系的异化,进而提出了“悖论规划”的新概念,即表述性文本与客观性现实之间内容对立却统一于同一规划审批实践的规划现象。最后,笔者对公共生态空间私用化的治理策略进行了探讨,提出从固化土地功能、完善监管体系来弥补制度惰距来规避权力寻租,通过高额处罚来提高开发商的越轨成本,减少政企合谋收益来瓦解政企利益联盟,以及加强对民众的复权以强化公共监督等措施,来构筑多元社会控制模式以期达到治理效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Social justice is our long-term goal. Since the justice of the distribution of space resources has become the core issue in the assessment of the distributions of social resources, social justice research should be extended to "fair distribution of space" from "fair distribution of income". Therefore, the research focusing on the "fair distribution of space" has become a new important research topic in social justice research.At present, the number of golf course grows rapidly in China, especially in Beijing. The characteristic of private-use of public eco-space by the golf course developer is very clear, which has constituted an inequality of space, caused great harm to the public eco-space, produced space deprivation and resulted in the reproduction of inequality, together with many other issues of social space injustice. So it has been an important research question in the social space reconstruction and transition.From the perspective of space political economy theory, this research has taken Beijing as an example and made a deep comprehensive research on the production mechanisms of private-use of public eco-space by the golf course developer. Firstly, the author adopted total sample census method, and carried on a survey to 55 official golf courses and 120 practice courses, as well as in-depth interviews and participant observation of the typical courses.Secondly, based on the research on the gambling process and interactive relations of the government, market and society in the production of the private-use of public natural eco-space, the author discussed the production mechanism of the private-use of public eco-space, and analyzed the government failure, the developer’s impermissible behavior and the absence of society. The government failure was manifested in the absence of institution, the rent-seeking of the government departments, and the corruption of the government official. The market impermissible behavior was displayed in the land acquisition, construction and operation phase. The absence of society included the omission of the individual citizen, as well as the absence of NGO.Furthermore, the author found the benefit growth alliance between government and developer to be the major production mechanism, in which the paradox plan also played an important role.Finally, the author gave some suggestions about the government strategy of the private-use of public eco-space by golf course developer. The first suggestion is to solidify the function of the public eco-space, consummating the supervision system, in order to remedy the lag of regulation. The second one is to reduce the income of the collusion through enhancing the cost of the impermissible behavior through higher financial punishment, in order to disintegrate the benefit growth alliance of government and developer. The third one is to strengthen public supervision through enhancing the rehabilitation to the society. In a word, a multi-dimensional social control pattern should be constructed in order to achieve effective governance.更多还原