【作者】 郝德刚；

【导师】 孙毅； 姜洪源；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 固体力学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 由于转子是高速旋转设备中的主要部件,转子使用寿命的降低将直接导致整台机器使用寿命的降低。因此,如何减振成为高速旋转设备研究中的一项重要的关键技术。多层钢板阻尼器是一种性能优良的阻尼减振装置,是由前苏联科研人员提出的应用于航空发动机上的一种干摩擦阻尼器。多层钢板阻尼器性能受温度影响小,能够在一定程度上克服挤压油膜阻尼器存在的结构复杂、非线性特性强和受温度影响大等问题,适用于结构空间要求紧凑、高低温或大温差等条件下的转子系统。目前国外对该技术研究还处于深入探索和不断完善阶段,而在国内关于该技术的研究成果报道甚少,因此对多层钢板阻尼器的相关技术进行深入研究具有重要意义。本文从多层钢板阻尼器的几何结构入手,分析了各种波纹的形状结构特点,对多层钢板阻尼器进行了曲线方程优化,选取了适合的阻尼器材料,并提出了阻尼器波纹结构的成型工艺,确定了波纹钢板成型的相关参数,制定了阻尼器的装配工艺。根据对多层钢板阻尼器工作条件下的受力分析可知,阻尼器的载荷分为预变形载荷和径向载荷。在研究中,将阻尼器简化成连续的曲梁,分别对其在两种载荷条件下的刚度特性进行了理论研究。在预变形载荷的分析中,根据载荷和结构的对称性,采用力法求解静不定问题,然后在弹性接触弯曲变形理论基础上分析预变形载荷引起的曲梁挠度变化,得出了阻尼器的预变形刚度特性。在分析径向载荷时,假设力与位移成线性关系,通过力的投影合成得出阻尼器整体的径向刚度。通过实验结果和数值计算结果的对比分析,验证了理论分析的正确性。针对阻尼器内部多层钢板之间及钢板与内、外环之间的相互作用,分析了接触面上存在的摩擦力对阻尼器动力学参数的影响。根据干摩擦系统模型的计算方法,对阻尼器的摩擦力进行了计算。分析了摩擦力对刚度的影响。采用Mindlin接触模型分析多层钢板波纹各层之间的摩擦情况,对变形过程中产生的能量耗散进行了分析,推导出了多层钢板阻尼器能量耗散系数的计算公式,并采用有限元方法对层与层之间的接触进行了仿真研究。根据哈密顿原理建立多层钢板阻尼器支撑的转子系统动力学模型。对转子系统模型中的刚度系数进行推导,得出转子系统的固有频率。采用数值方法对系统模型进行求解,得到了转子系统的临界转速等系统特性。对多层钢板阻尼器进行了相关的实验研究。通过静态实验,得出了不同结构参数和不同工作条件下的多层钢板阻尼器弹性迟滞特性。利用迟滞回线验证转子阻尼器的刚度、能量耗散系数等动力学参数的理论计算公式,得出阻尼器主要参数对其动力学特性的影响,从而验证了理论分析结果。在转子实验台上对阻尼器支撑的转子进行动态实验,获得了不同参数条件下的转子系统的响应曲线。实验结果为多层钢板阻尼器的工程应用提供了依据。本文研究内容是国家自然科学基金资助项目“具有干摩擦阻尼和粘性阻尼的多层钢板式阻尼器的研究”(项目编号50275030)的一部分。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a rotor is the main part in the equipment with a high rotation speed, its working performance determines the lifetime of the whole system directly. Therefore, the vibration control for high rotation speed equipment is an key technology in practical applications. Researchers in Soviet Union developed a kind of dry friction damper, named multi-layer steel plate damper, which performed well enduring high or low temperature and overcoming the disadvantages of squeeze film dampers, such as the complex structure, the strong nonlinearity, and the temperature-influenced properties. The multi-layer steel plate damper could be used as a support in a rotor system with compact structural space working at high or low temperature, or large temperature difference. However, the application of the damper is not practicable presently in high-speed rotor systems in China because of the technology blockage between countries.In the present study, the discussion on the characteristics of dampers with different wave shapes based on its geometric structure was first presented. The curve equation of multi layer steel plates was optimized. The fabrication process of wave curves of damper was presented after selecting appropriate material. Then, the related parameters for shaping the curved steel plate were studied to determine the assembling process of the damper.The load on the damper can be divided into pre-deformation and radial loads. In the research, the damper was modelled into continuous bending beams, on which the stiffness performance under these two kinds of loads was theoretically explored, respectively. In the analysis of pre-deformation, based on the symmetry of load and structure, the force method was used to solve statically indeterminate problems. Then, the deflection of bending beam caused by pre-deformation was analyzed on the basis of elastic contact bending deformation theory to get the stiffness characteristics of the damper. To analyze radial load on the damper, the radial stiffness of the damper was calculated through the force projection with an assumption of a linear relation between the force and the displacement. The theoretical analysis was verified by comparing the experimental and calculated results. The effect of the friction at the contact surface on the dynamic parameters of damper was analyzed considering the interactions between adjacent layers in the damper and interaction between the damper and the inner/outer rings. The friction force at the contact interfaces of damper was calculated based on the modeling method of dry friction system, and its effect on the stiffness of damper was analyzed. In the study, the Mindlin contact model was adopted to analyze the friction in the steel plates of damper and the energy dissipation in the process of deformation by formulatiing energy dissipation in the damper. The contact behavior between layers was simulated with finite element method.Based on the rotor experimental platform, the dynamic model of rotor system supported by the multi-layer steel plate damper was developed based on Hamilton principle. The natural frequency of the rotor system was obtained by deriving the stiffness coefficient of the rotor system. A numerical method was used to solve the equation of motion of rotor system to obtain the critical rotation speed and other essential parameters of the system.A series of experiments related to the damper and the rotor system wre explored. Through the static experiments, the hysteresis loop of the multi-layer steel plate damper with different parameters and work conditions was presented. The stiffness and the energy dissipation coefficient of the damper were verified. The effect of the structural and geometric parameters of the damper on its dynamic performance was presented. The former theoretical analysis was verified by the experimental results. With the help of a test setup, the dynamic behavior of the rotor with a support of multi-layer steel plate damper and a high rotation speed was studied. The response of the rotor system under different working conditions was obtained. These experimental results are helpful for the practical application of multi-layer steel plate damper.This study is a part of the research project named“Research on Multi-Layer Steel Plate Damper with Dry Friction and Viscosity Damping”sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 50275030).更多还原