【作者】 丁陈建；

【导师】 姜振泉；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 地质工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文以307国道山西省阳泉市天子庙隧道采动场地为研究背景,通过资料收集、地质调查、工程钻探、地震勘探、室内外岩土试验和水文地质测试等方法、手段,对采空区进行全面勘查。对采空区跨落介质、岩体强度、结构特性等进行了研究。研究形成的采空区勘察方法、手段和评价方法、体系填补了相关规范的空白。首次设计了包括直接埋植于地下多层采空区顶板的采空区分层沉降监测标、隧道侧壁沉降监测标、隧道围岩及衬砌应力监测装置三部分组成的多层次、全方位的监测系统并施测;对监测结果进行分析研究,揭示了多层采空区沉降由开采最晚、埋藏最深、采厚较大的采空区性质所决定,其他采空区沉降均被其“吸收”的“关键层”作用规律。监测系统为采动场地残余变形的机理研究、预测模型的建立、隧道安全评价提供了可靠数据资料;通过对采空区垮落介质的固结过程的相似模拟实验,观察地下水对固结压密过程的影响,分析垮落介质压密变形随时间衰减的非线形规律,拟合了采空区垮落介质压缩模量随时间和压力而变化的经验公式,并应用于采空区残余变形的预测,建立了采空区残余变形理论计算模型;根据压密变形规律从理论上探讨垮落介质固结的力学模型,揭示了垮落介质固结的力学模型符合岩石蠕变开尔文模型的非线形本质;将这一理论成果应用于数值计算,同时为进一步理论研究奠定了基础。利用“黑箱”理论对影响采动场地残余变形发生规律的重要指标——时间影响参数进行了拟合分析,探究采空场地残余变形发生的非线性规律,将时间影响参数应用于采动场地残余变形的预测,建立了基于时间影响参数的概率积分预测模型并对隧道场地残余变形进行预测。预测模型从地质工程研究角度,综合考虑了地质、工程、时间等条件,弥补了概率积分模型的不足,提高了残余变形预测的科学性、准确性。采用趋势面拟合方法,建立了复杂地貌条件下的采动场地三维地质模型;运用地质工程研究成果选用各岩组破坏的本构模型,结合预测模型反演确定材料参数,对隧道场地的残余变形、隧道围岩及衬砌应力进行数值分析,得到其垂向位移、正应力、剪应力大小、应力-应变关系特征;对采动场地残余变形的预测成果进行了静态对比分析和动态预测分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, taking the“Tian Zi Miao”tunnel mining site of 307 national road in ShanXi Yangquan as study background, through multi-methods of exploration, mined-out area were surveyed comprehensively. Surveying method and evaluation method, system which originated from study filled the gaps of related norms.The multi-level and omni directional monitoring devices such as layering subsidence monitoring mark located at goaf roof of multi-storey mined-out area and so on, was firstly designed and implemented. It is founded that residual settlement in tunnel site is decided by goaf characteristic that is large exploiting thickness、deeply buried and lately mining time. It is revealed laws of effect of "key layer" which absorbed other goaf subsidence.By similar simulation tests about consolidation process of goaf collapse medium, through anglicizing the rules of collapse medium compression deformation with time, empirical formula that the compression modulus of collapse medium changing with the changing of time and pressure is fitted. While calculation model of residual deformation was set up. The mechanical model of collapse medium is investigated theoretically which revealed that the mechanical model of collapse medium is accord to non-linear nature of rock creep Kelvin model. Finally, the theoretical result was applied to numerical calculation; it provided foundation for theory research.By using theory of“black box”, the non-linear rules of time influencing parameters are fitting analyzed. Integral prediction model base on the time influencing parameters is establishment and implement. Based on geological engineering study angle, comprehensively consider the conditions of geological engineering and time, forecast model remedy the deficiency of probability integral method, while it improved the scientific and accuracy of residual deformation forecasting.Adopting trend surface fitting method, three-dimensional geological model of mining site under the complicated topography conditions is established; residual deformation and rock wall and liner stress in tunnel site were numerical analyzed, prediction results of residual deformation in mining site are carried out by static compared analysis and dynamic forecast analysis and it is anatomizes with reality.更多还原