【作者】 蔡文斌；

【导师】 李兆敏；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 我国海上油田开展聚合物驱油,无论在技术领先性还是在经济有效性上,都极具实施价值。受海上平台空间有限、淡水资源短缺的限制,目前所用的干粉聚合物药剂及其配注工艺在海上油田应用受到很大限制,聚合物乳液具有溶解速度快、配注设备小的特点,其驱油作业适合在海上油田提高采收率中推广应用。论文从聚合物乳液驱油体系水动力学和在线配注工艺两方面,进行了海上油田聚合物乳液驱油配注工艺的研究,设计了一套适合海上平台聚合物驱油的配注流程。通过室内实验研究了不同温度、矿化度、浓度下的聚合物乳液驱油体系的流变性,用最小二乘法拟合了聚合物乳液驱油体系流变方程,研究结果表明,聚合物乳液、聚合物乳液溶液的流变性都完全符合幂律模型。根据非牛顿流体力学,建立了聚合物溶液管流数学模型,进行了聚合物溶液管流能量损失实验,得出了聚合物溶液管流能量损失规律,计算了聚合物溶液管流摩阻系数,为聚合物配注工艺设计提供理论基础。在机械剪切破乳数学模型的基础上,研发了一套满足现场不同注入速度的破乳单元,并根据室内实验得到了不同注入流量下的破乳孔板内径选择标准,室内破乳试验证明,研制的破乳单元更换方便,能够实现乳液的良好破乳,又能避免聚合物的过度剪切。根据实验室乳液配制原理,研发了聚合物乳液与高压海水掺混单元,并用Fluent数模软件优化了掺混单元结构,实现了乳液与海水均匀掺混。室内聚合物乳液配制实验证明,经过掺混器后的配制成的聚合物乳液溶液均匀,粘度较高,避免了掺混不均而导致的絮状物。在聚合物乳液流变性、聚合物溶液流变性以及非牛顿流体管流摩阻研究的基础上,以注入过程中的压降损失最低和有利于注入优选了聚合物配注管道管径,计算结果表明,聚合物配注管道管径不能小于40mm,聚合物乳液泵送管径为19mm。在破乳单元、掺混单元和静混器等核心部件的基础上,设计了一套适合于胜利油田卫星平台的聚合物乳液配注工艺流程,进行了聚合物乳液溶液配制室内实验,实验表明,在线配制的聚合物溶液粘度分别达到室内充分搅拌配制聚合物溶液的80%左右,达到了现场聚合物注入粘度要求,该流程结构简单,占地面积小,适合海上平台在线配注。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is valuable both in technology and economy to using polymer flooding in off-shore oil field enhancing oil recovery, because of the restriction of off-shore platform limited space and lack of freshwater, powder polymer and its injection technology have received the big limit to be used in off-shore reservoirs, emulsion polymer has the character of high dissolution rate and small injection allocation equipment, its flooding technology is suitable to publication and application in off-shore reservoir enhancing oil recovery. The emulsion polymer injection allocation technology in off-shore oil field was studied in the aspect of emulsion polymer flooding system hydrodynamic and on-line injection allocation technology, and an injection allocation technology that is suitable to off-shore platform flooding was designed.The rheology of emulsion polymer flooding system in different temperature、salinity and density was studied by in-house experiment, the emulsion polymer flooding system rheological equation was fitted by Least squares method, the result shows that emulsion polymer and emulsion polymer solution rheology are both conforming to power law style. According to Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, polymer solution pile flowing mathematical model was built, the rule of polymer solution pile flowing energy loss and pile flow frictional coefficient was gotten by energy loss experiment, it provide rational to polymer flooding allocation technology design.Based on orifice shearing demulsification mathematical model, the emulsion polymer on-line demulsification unit that is satisfied oil field different injestion rate was designed, the emulsion breaker selection criteria in different injection rate was establishment by in-house experiment, the experiment result shows that the developed emulsion breaker is easy to replace, demulsification effect good and avoid polymer excessive shearing.According to laboratory emulsion polymer solution preparation principle, emulsion polymer and seawater mixing unit was designed, the structure of mixing unit was optimized by Fluent software, in-house experience shows that the emulsion polymer solution that flow through mixing unit was uniform and had high viscosity, the mixing unit avoided the floccules caused by mixing inhomogeneous.Based on the reseach of polymer emulsion, polymer solution rheological property and non-newtonian fluid pipe flowing friction, polymer injection pipe diameter was seleced to get the least fracture drop and easiest to inject. The calculated result shows that the polymer injection pipe diameter cannot less than 40mm and the emulsion polyer translation pipe diameter is 19mm..Based on demulsification unit, mixing unit and static mixing decive core components, an emulsion polymer flooding allocation process that is suitable to satellite platform in Sheng Li oil field was designed, the in-house emulsion polymer solution preparation experiment was carried out. The experiment result shows that the polymer solution viscosity prepared through on-line equipment is 80% of preparation by agitator and achieved.oil field polymer injection viscosity requirement.this injection allocation process has simple structure and small occupation area, is suitable to off-shore oil field platform polymer on-line injection.更多还原