【作者】 王其伟；

【导师】 郑经堂；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 石油作为战略资源,其开采和利用十分重要,随着生产、生活水平的不断提高,对石油需求急剧上升,由于石油是非再生资源,进一步提高已探明、已开发油藏的采收率已经成为十分迫切的工作,提高采收率技术越来越受到人们的关注。随着聚合物驱的推广应用,适合聚合物驱的优质资源基本动用完毕,聚合物驱后地下仍有大量的剩余油,但聚合物驱后油藏的非均质性更强,剩余油分布更分散,需要采用封堵及驱油能力更强的驱油体系;四类油藏由于非均质严重,不适合聚合物驱,因此,对于四类大孔道油藏和聚合物驱后油藏开展新的化学驱油技术研究十分必要。泡沫作为一种良好的驱油剂已逐渐为人们所认识,它能够极大的提高注入流体的表观粘度,增加波及面积,提高采收率,是一种很有发展前途的提高采收率的新方法。本课题在泡沫驱理论研究的基础上建立起泡沫驱的评价方法和评价体系,筛选研制性能优良的泡沫剂及泡沫驱油体系,对泡沫体系的驱油机理及提高采收率性能,泡沫在在多孔介质中的运移规律,泡沫与油藏的配伍关系,泡沫驱提高采收率的影响因素进行研究,并对泡沫剂对注采环境及油藏的影响,注入气体对环境及设备的影响,注入水对复合泡沫驱油体系的影响,泡沫体系对产出液的影响,泡沫体系与环境相互影响进行研究,并研究和提出相关的解决措施。本课题利用罗氏泡沫仪及泡沫扫描仪,研究不同类型、不同条件下表面活性剂的起泡能力及半衰期,包括阴离子活性剂,阳离子活性剂,非离子活性剂,两性离子活性剂及阴非离子活性剂;利用旋转界面张力仪研究了泡沫剂的表面及界面性能;利用长细管物理模拟流程及高压可视观察窗,研究了泡沫在不同条件下的稳定性及变化规律,在地层中的运移和压力传递规律,研究了气液比、注入方式,化学剂浓度等因素对泡沫封堵性能的影响;利用微观可视模型,研究泡沫剂的微观驱油机理;利用管式填砂模型及驱油流程,研究泡沫对层内、层间非均质的调整能力,泡沫驱在水驱及聚合物驱后提高采收率的效果;泡沫驱的影响因素及使用范围;利用挂片腐蚀法研究泡沫剂对设备的腐蚀影响,注入气体对设备的腐蚀影响;利用质谱分析研究了泡沫剂在油藏的吸附损耗规律;利用粘度测定法研究了注入污水水质及不同组分对聚合物粘度的影响;通过加入化学剂的方法研究了提高污水配注聚合物粘度的方法,筛选出泡沫驱水质稳定剂及产出液处理剂,形成了泡沫驱产出液处理技术。通过对泡沫的起泡性能、在多孔介质中的产生及封堵调剖和驱油实验研究,研究了泡沫的性能及在多孔介质的运移规律;筛选研制出耐温抗盐能力强、泡沫性能稳定、油水界面低的泡沫剂;建立了与油藏条件配伍的泡沫驱油体系,室内物理模拟实验,水驱后泡沫驱提高采收率大于25%,在聚合物驱后提高采收率10%以上;研究了泡沫体系与周围环境的相互作用关系及解决措施;矿场实验取得明显的降水增油效果。室内及矿场实验证明泡沫体系在非均质油藏中能够有效的改善油藏的非均质性,大幅度的提高油藏采出程度,复合泡沫驱是一种很有前途的三次采油新技术,通过对关键技术的深化研究和攻关,可以使之得以推广和应用,泡沫驱是一项成本低,应用广泛,很有发展前途的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a strategic resource, the exploitation and using of oil is very important. with rising of living standard.the need for oil is increased. Because oil isn’t a rebirth resource, to enhance oil recovery of exploited reservoir oil recovery has become quite urgent, the technique of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been widely deserved extra attention by specialist. The reservoir resource can be applied to polymer flooding almost used up under the condition of the widely use of polymer flooding, but large numbers of residual oil leaves underground, the reservoir is more heterogeneous and residual oil scatters separated after polymer flooding, In order to enhance oil recovery further more strong driving system used to block up and flooding should be used. Because of the fourth kind of reservoir is strong heterogeneous, polymer flooding isn’t suiTable . Hence, it is very necessary to study a new flooding method for the fourth kind of reservoir and after polymer flooding reservoir. As a good kind of flooding method, foam flooding was gradually known by people, because of its character of greatly improving the apparent viscosity of injected liquid, expanding swept area and enhanced oil recovery (EOR), it has been developed to be a future new EOR method.In this dissertation, the foam flooding evaluate method and system was established base on theory studies, excellent capability of foam agent and foam system was developed, the mechanism and capability for EOR of foam flooding, migration mechanism at porous media, compatibility with reservoir, affecting factor of EOR of foam flooding were also studied. together with the studies of the affecting to regime and reservoir of foam agent, the affecting to environment and facilities of injecting gas, the affecting to foam flooding system of injecting water, the affecting to production fluid of foam system ect., furthermore, the method to solve the relative problems were settled down. In this dissertation, the foamability and half foam life period of different surfactants was studied by means of rose-miles foam apparatus and scanner, include of anionic surfactants, positive ion surfactants, zwitterion surfactants, nonionic surfactants and negative-non surfactants. the surface and interfacial tension of foam agents was studied by using of interface tension apparatus, the foam stability and change rules under different conditions, the movement of foam, the rule of pressure transmission, the affecting of sealing characteristics of foam under the different ratio of gas injecting style, surfactant concentration ect. were studied by means of long slim tube simulation flow and high pressure watch window, by using microcosmic watch model to study the microcosmic mechanism of oil displacement; by using the tube models filled with silica sand and oil displacement test to study the capability of adjusting heterogeneous of foam between inner layers and interlaminations, the EOR of foam flooding after water flooding and polymer flooding, affecting factor and adapTable range of foam flooding. the method of metal piece rust were used to study the corruption of the apparatus by the foam agent and injecting gas; mass spectrum analyzing were utilized for determination consumption of foam agant on reservoir sands, the polymer’s viscosity analyses were used to study its influence of wastewater and its component. The studies show that the polymer viscosity can be improved by adding chemical agent; the water quality sTable agent and product liquid treating agent was selected, and formed the producing liquid treating technique.Through the study of foamability, produce, block up and oil displacement tset in porous media of different foam system, high foam stability and low interface tension foam agent in high temperature and high salt reservoir has been developed; the foam flooding system matches with reservoir conditions has been developed too. the laboratory oil displacement test proved that the foam flooding can enhance EOR more than 25% after water flooding, and enhance EOR more than 10% after polymer flooding. After studying the interreaction between the foam system and environment, the problems were solved, and the pilot test of foam flooding proved a sharp increase of oil yield and reduce the cut of water. Laboratory experiments and pilot test proved that foam system can improve the heterogeneous of reservoir, great scope enhance oil recovery, the foam flooding is a kind of good new technique of tertiary oil recovery with a better future, Though deeper research for its key technique, it can be popular applied and disseminated., We believe foam flooding will be a good method for EOR with low cost, widly used and better future.更多还原