【作者】 丁勇；

【导师】 王允诚；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 塔河油田是我国第一个以奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油气藏为主的古生界海相大油气田,基质孔渗低（碳酸盐岩基质不具有储渗意义）、埋藏深（94%的油藏埋藏深度在5400米以下）、定量难（认识和评价此该类储层属世界性难题）特征明显。通过塔河油田奥陶系沉积特征、岩溶特征、储层特征、缝洞单元特征、开发特征的系统、整体研究认为:（1）塔河油田奥陶系中、下统及上统良里塔格组主要为碳酸盐台地相区中的开阔台地相,仅东南缘处于台地边缘相、台缘斜坡相;奥陶系上统恰尔巴克组主要处于浅海陆棚相区中的广海陆棚相,桑塔木组主要处于混积陆棚相。（2）塔河油田奥陶系发育表生岩溶、热液岩溶、埋藏岩溶等多种类型岩溶,以表生岩溶最为重要,分别与海西早期、加里东中期不整合面有关。（3）加里东中期岩溶主要分布在桑塔木组尖灭线以南,主要顺恰尔巴克组/一间房组、桑塔木组/良里塔格组之间的加里东中期平行不整合面发育,充填物不见陆源石英砂或粉砂,锶（Sr）同位素值相对较低,δ¹⁸O为负值,δ¹³C均为正值,极贫稀土元素,两相水溶液包裹体、两相烃包裹体均一温度较低,液态烃包裹体呈灰褐—黑褐色,无荧光或弱黄色荧光,气态烃包裹体呈灰—深灰色。（4）海西早期岩溶主要分布在桑塔木组尖灭线以北,缝洞充填物富含陆源石英砂、粉砂,可含泥盆纪、石炭纪古生物,锶（Sr）同位素值明显偏高,δ¹⁸O为高负值,δ¹³C主要为负值,富集稀土元素,两相水溶液包裹体、两相烃包裹体均一温度较高,液态烃包裹体呈褐黄、黄、浅黄色,发弱黄、黄、兰白色荧光,气态烃包裹体呈灰—深灰色。（5）海西早期岩溶发育裂缝型、孔洞—裂缝型、裂缝—孔洞型、裂缝—溶洞型、大型洞穴充填物孔隙型5种类型储层,主要受构造、不整合面、古地貌和岩性的控制,其中构造是最重要的控制因素;加里东中期包括裂缝型、孔洞—裂缝型、裂缝—孔洞型、裂缝—溶洞型、浅滩裂缝-孔隙型5种类型储层,主要受构造、加里东中期Ⅰ、Ⅱ幕不整合面、岩性等因素的控制,具有明显的断控和层控特征。（6）根据岩溶储层各控制因素的发育情况对塔河油田加里东中期、海西早期岩溶进行了分期整体评价,较不分岩溶期次笼统评价更为可靠。（7）根据天然气碳同位素、轻烃,原油碳同位素、轻烃、饱和烃、芳烃,油田水微量元素、稀土元素、锶同位素等指标在塔河油田主体划分出6个可靠缝洞单元、5个不可靠缝洞单元,和前人识别结果比较表明根据油气水微观地化信息划分缝洞单元效果较好。（8）塔河油田奥陶系储层特征对开发有明显影响,主要体现在流动单元划分、井网部署方式、开发指标设计、完井方式与措施等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tahe oilfield is the first large-scale Paleozoic marine oil field of mainly Ordovician carst type reservoir in China.It is charactered with low matrix porosity and permeability（matrix without ability of reservoir）,deep embedding（94 percent of oil pool under 5400 meters）,difficult to definite（It is a world-class problem to understand and appraise this kind of reservoir）.By means of systematacially and integrally studying the deposit,karst,reservoir,cell of sew-hole and exploitation character,the author consider:（1）Middle-low Ordovician and Lianglitage group of upper Ordovician in Tahe oilfield are mainly open-platform and platform margin,platform slope are only located in the southeast;Qiaerbake group of upper Ordovician mainly is open sea shelf facies in shallow sea;Sangtamu group is mainly mix-sediment shelf facies.（2）Hypergene , thermal fluid and buried karst etc. are developed in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield. Hypergene karst is the most important among them,and respectively related with early Hercynian and middle Caledonian.（3） Caledonian karst is mainly distributed in the south of the wedge out of Sangtamu group,and mainly developed anlong with middle Caledonian disconformity contact between Qiaerbake and Yijianfang group,Sangtamu and Lianglitage.Continental facies quartzite or silt can’t be seen among matrix. Isotope value of strontium is relatively low and negativeδ¹⁸O, positiveδ¹³C, overly indigent lanthanon. Homogeneous temperature of the inclusion of two faces aqueous solution and hydrocarbon is lower.The inclusion colour of liquid hydrocarbon is dust-colour to black-brown,no or weak yellow fluorescence. Hydrocarbon gas inclusion is gray to plumbeous.（4）Early Hercynian karst is mainly distributed in the north of the wedgeout of Sangtamu group.The filling is abundant of continental facies of quartzite and silt,with Devonian and Carboniferous welwitschiopsida. Isotope value of strontium is distinctly on the high side and high negative value ofδ¹⁸O,mainly negative value ofδ¹³C,rich of lanthanon. Homogenizing temperature of the inclusion of two faces aqueous solution and hydrocarbon is higher.The colour of liquid hydrocarbon is brown yellow,yellow, pale yellow,with pale yellow,yellow, pearl opal fluorescence.The inclusion of gaseous hydrocarbon is gray to plumbeous.（5）Fissure type, cavern-fissure type,fissure-cavern type,fissure-solution hole type,filling pore type in large cave are developed during early Hercynian karst period.They are mainly controlled by structure, surface of unconformity, paleogeomorphy and lithology.Among them, structure is the most important controlling factor.Fissure type, cavern-fissure type,fissure-cavern type,fissure-solution hole type, high bed fissure-pore type are developed during middle Caledonian.They are mainly controlled by structure, surface of unconformity between middle Caledonian episode I and II and lithology etc.,with obvious character of fault control and layer control.（6） Judge of middle Caledonian and early Hercynian karst by stages, the whole were given according to control factors of karst reservoir.It is more credible than general appraisement without karst period.（7）Six credible and five irresponsible fissure-cave cells were divided from each other in main body of Tahe oilfield according to carbon isotope, light hydrocarbon of natural gas, carbon isotope, light hydrocarbon, saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon of crude oil and trace element, rare earth element, Strontium isotope,etc. of oil field water.Compared with former fissure-cave cell ,it can be concluded that microcosmic information of crude oil,natural gas, formation water can be nicely used as parameters to divide the fissure-cave cell.（8）Reservoir character of Ordovician in Tahe oilfield observably affect on exploitation.It mainly be represented in partition of flow unit,system of well pattern, exploitation index,mode and measure of well completion etc.更多还原