【作者】 时岩；

【导师】 卢福财；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 国内外学者对资源产业化模式的研究一直在探索之中,研究的领域和范围在不断的延伸和拓展。目前研究理论和实践告诉人们:国家所处的环境条件不同,对资源产业化模式的选择就不同;同一国家经济发展阶段不同,资源产业化模式表现的形式就不同;相同的历史阶段发展的要求和目的不同,资源产业化模式的内涵就不同。我国有自己的具体情况和环境条件,所处的发展阶段和发展要求存在较大的差异,经济社会发展和区域发展不平衡问题仍较突出,粗放型经济增长特征表现仍较明显,能源、资源和环境的瓶颈制约仍较严重。所以,在建设具有中国特色社会主义的过程中,欠发达地区的经济发展和崛起需要寻求适宜的道路,通过资源产业化,由资源变产业,这是欠发达地区在促进经济发展中所形成的共识,但采取什么样的产业化模式才能使资源变成生态型产业?这是关系到我国欠发达地区经济发展和区域协调发展的重大课题。我国中西部欠发达地区因政策、体制、观念、技术和人才等原因,长期处于经济落后状态,又因历史上为维护生态和保护环境付出了巨大的努力而丧失了许多的发展机会,造成了今天仍然停留在为摆脱贫困而艰难挣扎的困境。在科学发展观的指导下,在新的历史背景下,欠发达地区如何实现经济发展和环境保护同步进行?已经付出的巨大的生态成本谁来支付?如何支付?支付的成本又怎样有助于经济发展?发达地区与欠发达地区如何协调发展?合作发展?本论文所研究的产业化生态模式就是为了解决以上问题的一种有意义的尝试,在构筑的生态模式中试图通过排污权交易来作为实现生态成本支付的手段,以此来促进欠发达地区的特色资源、产业化项目、生态成本支付的有机结合,最终实现经济发展和生态文明的双重目标。所以,本选题研究的主要内容是:应用产业生态学理论和方法,立足中观领域(省级区域),针对中西部欠发达地区,以特色资源为基础,以可持续发展为出发点,以排污权交易为手段,以项目企业为载体,以经济发展和生态文明为目标,着力构筑符合科学发展理念的中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式,创建一条又好又快的发展之路,同时弥补国内在中观领域基于产业生态学视角关于特色资源产业化生态模式系统研究的不足。在研究过程中,特色资源、产业化项目和生态成本支付三个要素在促进欠发达地区经济发展方面的作用和功能得到充分显现,尤其是生态成本支付要素,是构筑和运行中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式的关键问题。本文通过排污权交易手段,来作为实现生态成本支付的有效途径,以此来解决欠发达地区在经济发展中所需的污染控制和污染治理的技术和资金来源问题。为此本文利用了生态足迹和生态承载力的理论和方法,并在此基础上进行了系列创新活动,产生了系列的创新成果。所创建的组合测度模型,经过实例分析和检验,在我国的初级发展阶段和具体国情环境下适用性较强,具有明显的可行性。第一章是导论。基于以上问题研究的背景和意义,本文在导论部分对产业生态学理论、方法和产业化模式理论研究进行了文献综述,给出了论文研究的逻辑框架,及其需要研究的主要内容和本文的创新点。第二章是关于中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式的选择。阐明了特色资源产业化生态模式的优势所在,及其选择存在着客观必然性和可行性,符合可持续发展的必然要求。全面地对特色资源、特色资源产业化、特色资源产业化模式系列概念进行定义,并描述了它们的相关特征。并对特色资源的种类进行划分,对特色资源地理分布和经济功能分布进行了介绍。着重强调了特色资源的存在对中西部欠发达区域的经济发展具有特别重要的价值作用。同时说明了非生态模式存在的危害性,如污染环境、损害健康等,并举以实例。第三章是关于中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式框架构建。从经济发展、生态安全、区域公平三个原则出发,以特色资源、产业化项目、生态成本支付为构建要素,构筑了中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化的生态模式为:“特色资源+产业化项目+生态成本支付”。对特色资源和产业化项目的选择条件以及生态成本支付的方式进行了分析,对生态模式运行机制和排污权交易体系进行了探讨,并认为产业化生态模式的建立,催生了产业生态共生网络的形成,具体表现为:形成了两条产业链、两种配套和两个集聚,即产品产业链和生态环保产业链、产业配套和生态环保配套、特色产业集聚和生态环保产业集聚。第四章是关于生态模式运行的关键:生态成本支付。在对排污权的界定依据和准线进行确定的基础上,应用产业生态理论和方法创建了相对生态盈余测度模型、排污权测度模型、减排梯度势差模型和减排量测度模式,结合我国“十一五”减排计划,对欠发达地区进行排污权分配和对发达地区进行减排量分配,为发达地区与欠发达地区之间进行排污权交易创造市场条件。第五章是关于生态模式实例分析:以青海省为例。从青海省的特色资源条件,到产业化项目存在的可能和途径,再到相对生态盈余的大小进行了客观的系统分析,采用创建的排污权测度模型对青海省的排污权进行了实地测度,结合发达地区的减排量,全面论述了青海省建立特色资源产业化生态模式的可能性。并通过在青海省产业化生态模式的实际构筑和运行过程,来论述中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式在个体具体环境中的可行性和可操作性。第六章是关于生态模式运行的建议与对策。在对模式运行的现实制约因素:区域、市场和制度因素进行分析的基础上,论述了产业化生态模式运行的有效实施条件,如制度条件、组织条件和市场条件。并对生态模式的正常运行提出了相关的对策建议:成立国家排污权交易领导小组和各级代理机构;加快立法步伐,提供法律保障;加大政策倾斜力度,建立减排梯度势差;通过排污权交易,建立国内清洁发展机制;强化监管监测手段,加大环保执法力度。第七章是结论与展望。主要介绍本文的研究重要结论,并对论文的研究不足地方进行概括,并提出了相关研究可能的进一步的展望。经过对中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式的选择条件、构筑依据、框架内容、运行机制和关键要素的分析和探讨,并通过对青海省实例进行分析研究。结果说明:一是中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式,在目前的国情下,较宜适用于以青海省为代表的中西部欠发达地区,并符合其经济社会发展现状和发展要求,同时与发达地区具备的扶持欠发达地区发展的条件和实力相适应;二是所创建的排污权测度等系列模型,设计合理,计算简便,可比性强,在具体的环境条件下具有可行性和可操作性;三是在生态模式构筑过程中,充分体现了国家对欠发达地区扶持政策和排污权交易制度建立的关键性和重要性;四是特色资源产业化生态模式的构筑和运行,对中西部欠发达地区的脱贫和经济腾飞具有不可估量的推动作用,并在全国范围内对污染治理和生态环境保护能产生积极的深远影响,在促进区域协调发展和贯彻落实科学发展观方面具有重大的实践意义。由于中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式的设计、形成和运行过程是对传统产业化模式全面的创新,是一条集经济发展和生态保护于一体的崭新的产业化途径。所以,难免存在一些不足和局限,如产业化生态模式的形成和运行对政府存在着依赖性;在排污权和减排目标的测度过程中数据难以完全准确无误;排污权交易制度和排污权交易市场体系建立中存在缺失障碍;特色资源产业化生态模式存在一定的局限性和不完整性,并在具体操作中易受主观意识的影响等。产业生态学应用于中观领域研究的较少,应用于产业化模式研究的就更少,又以欠发达地区为研究对象的,是前人所较少涉及过的。在这个创新的过程中,不仅存在许多不足和局限,而且还存在许多进一步研究和拓展的空间。如排污权交易完全市场化问题、产业化生态模式进一步延伸问题等等。总结全文,主要的创新有:第一、研究视角的创新。以产业生态学新的视角来研究产业化模式,并在研究方面,弥补了国内对中观领域(省区)关于产业化生态模式方面系统研究的不足。第二、产业化模式的创新。在对特色资源、特色资源产业化、特色资源产业化模式系列概念重新界定的基础上,创建了中西部欠发达区域特色资源产业化生态模式。第三、相对生态盈余测度、排污权配额测度和减排量测度等系列模型的创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 The industrialization model has been to explore by domestic and foreign scholars and research in the field and scope of the extension and expansion continued. The theory and practice of the present study to tell people: the national conditions of the environment in which different patterns of resource industries on the different options; the same country at different stages of economic development, resource industries in the form of model performance on different; the same stage of development of the history and purpose of different patterns of resource industries on different connotations. China has its own specific circumstances and environmental conditions, stage of development and the requirements of the development there is a big difference in economic and social development and regional development imbalances still prominent features of extensive economic growth performance is still obvious, energy, resources and the environment is still a serious bottleneck. Therefore, in building socialism with Chinese characteristics, the less-developed areas of economic development and the rise of the need to seek appropriate roads, through the allocation of resources in industrial production, by the resources industry change, it is less-developed areas in promoting economic development by the formation of consensus, but what kind of industry so that resources can become a model eco-industry? This is related to the less-developed areas in China’s economic development and coordinated development of major regional issues.The west-central less-developed areas of China due to policies, institutions, ideas, technology and human resources and other reasons, long-term in a state of economic backwardness, because of the history of the maintenance of ecological and environmental protection have paid a great deal of effort and lost a lot of development opportunities, resulting in a today, still in the struggle to escape poverty and difficult situation. In new historical background under the guidance of the scientific development concept, the less-developed areas to achieve economic development and environmental protection simultaneously? Has been the tremendous ecological cost of who should pay? How to pay the cost of economic development help? Developed areas and less-developed areas to develop ways to co-ordinate? How to co-operation and development? This paper studied the ecological model of industrialization is to solve the above problems in a meaningful attempt to build the ecological model in trying to achieve the adoption of emissions trading as a means of payment of the ecological costs, in order to promote the organic combination of the less-developed areas characteristic resources, the project of industrialization and the ecological costs paid, and ultimately achieve the twin objectives of economic development and ecological civilization. Therefore, the main research topics are: the application of industrial ecology theory and methods, based on the field of meso (provincial regions), for the less-developed areas to create the ecological model of resource industries from the starting point for sustainable development. The emissions trading as a means and the project business as a carrier to economic development based on characteristic resources. To create a good road to the development of fast at the same time, to make up the lack of systematic research in the field of domestic industrialization ecological model based on the characteristic resources.During the study process, the functions and role of the three elements of characteristic resources, industrial projects and ecological costs paid full show in promoting the economic development of less-developed areas, especially the element of ecological costs paid is the key issues of the building and operation of the ecological model of characteristic resources industry in the west-central less-developed areas. By means of emissions trading, as the realization of the ecological cost effective way to pay in order to solve the less-developed areas in economic development required for pollution control and pollution control technology and the source of funding. Make full use of the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of the theories and methods, and on this basis a series of innovative activities carried out, resulting in a series of innovations. Measure created by the combination of models, through examples of analysis and testing, in the early stages of development of China’s specific national conditions and the application of a strong environment, the feasibility of obvious.The first chapter is the Introduction. Based on the above study the background and significance, the paper part of the Introduction to the theory of industrial ecology, methods and theoretical study of the industrialization model had a literature review, given the logic of the framework of research papers, and the need to study the main contents and in this article of innovation.The second chapter on the west-central less-developed areas ecological model of characteristic resources industries choice. To clarify the characteristic resources where the advantages of the ecological model, and the choice of the existence of objective necessity and feasibility of compliance with an essential requirement for sustainable development. Features characteristic resources, the characteristic resources industrialization, the industrialization model of the definition of the concept series, and describe the characteristics of their related. Characteristics and the types of resources to be divided, on the characteristics of the geographical distribution of resources and the distribution of economic functions are introduced. Highlighted the existence of characteristic resources to the less-developed areas with the economic development of the value of the role of particular importance. At the same time shows the existence of non-ecological model of harm, such as pollution of the environment, damage to health, both by example.The third chapter on the west-central less-developed areas industrialization ecological model of characteristic resources to build the framework. The three principles of the economic development, ecological security and regional fair, the three elements of the characteristic resources, industrial projects, the ecological costs paid , building a central feature of the less-developed areas of the ecological model as: " characteristic resources + industrial projects + ecological costs paid . " Characteristic resources and industrial projects selection criteria, as well as a way to pay the cost of ecological analysis, ecological model of operational mechanism and emissions trading system was discussed and that the industrialization of the establishment of the ecological model, the birth of the industrial symbiosis of ecological networks the formation of specific performance as follows: the formation of two industry chain, the two supporting and two aggregation, namely, the industrial chain products and eco-environmental protection industry chain, industry support and environmental protection facilities, characteristic industries clustering and ecological environment-protection industries clustering.The fourth chapter on the key to eco-mode: ecological costs paid. Emission rights in the definition of quasi-line basis and determined on the basis of the application of industrial ecology theory and methods to create a relative measure of the ecological surplus model, measurement model of emission rights, emission reduction potential difference gradient model and measurement model of emission reductions, combined with China’s "Eleventh Five-Year" plan to reduce emissions of less-developed areas and the allocation of emission rights for the developed areas of the allocation of emission reductions for developed areas and less-developed areas of emissions trading between the creation of market conditions.Chapter V is a case study on the ecological model: A Case Study in Qinghai Province. From the characteristic resources in Qinghai Province, to the industrialization of the possibility of the existence of the project and means of ecological surplus relative to the size of an objective analysis, using the right measure to create the model of the sewage of the sewage on the right of Qinghai Province carried out a field measurement, combination of emission reductions in developed areas, the establishment of a comprehensive discussion of the characteristic resources industry in Qinghai Province of the possibility of ecological model. In Qinghai Province through the industrialization of the actual ecological model to build and run the process, to describe the west-central less-developed regional ecological model of resources industries in the specific environment of the individual feasibility and maneuverability.Chapter VI is on the recommendation of eco-mode and countermeasures. Mode in the constraints of reality: the region, markets and an analysis of institutional factors on the basis of the discussion of eco-industrial mode of the effective implementation of conditions, such as institutional conditions, organizational conditions and market conditions. Ecological model and the normal operation of the countermeasures proposed by the relevant proposals: the establishment of the national leading group on emissions trading and agencies at all levels; to accelerate the pace of legislation to provide legal protection; intensify preferential policies and set up a gradient of emission reduction potential difference; through sewage trading, the establishment of domestic clean development mechanism; strengthen the supervision of the monitoring means, to increase environmental protection law enforcement.Chapter VII presents conclusions and prospects. This article introduces the important conclusions of the study, and research papers for a general shortage of places, and made possible further research prospects.After the west-central less-developed ecological model of resources industries of choice, and build the basis of the framework of the content, operation mechanism and a key element of the analysis and discussion and through analysis of examples of research in Qinghai Province. The results showed: first, the west-central less-developed areas ecological model of characteristic resource industries, in the current conditions, the fully applicable to west-central Qinghai Province, represented by the less-developed areas of economic and social development of the status quo and development requirements, as well as with the developed areas support with the development of less-developed areas suited to the conditions and strength; second is the creation of the right to measure, such as sewage series models, designed to calculate simple, comparable, and in specific environmental conditions is feasible and practical; The third is in the process of building eco-mode, fully reflecting the state policy to support less-developed areas and the establishment of an emissions trading system and the importance of the key; Fourth, the ecological model to build and run, the less-developed areas out of poverty and economic take-off with an immeasurable role in promoting and at the national level of pollution control and ecological environmental protection can have a positive and far-reaching impact in promoting coordinated regional development and implement the scientific concept of development has an important practical significance.The less-developed ecological model of resources industries as a result of innovation of the design process of the formation and operation of traditional resources industries, is a set of economic development and ecological protection in one new way to industrialization. Therefore, there is inevitably a number of shortcomings and limitations, such as the ecological model of the formation and running there is a dependence on the government; in emission rights and emission reduction targets during the measurement data can not be completely accurate; emissions trading system and the emissions trading market system, lack and barriers that exist in the establishment; the ecological model of resources industries there are some limitations and not the integrity of the specific operation in the subjective sense of vulnerability and so on.In this innovative process, not only the existence of many of the deficiencies and limitations, but also there are a lot of further research and development space. Full market such as the issue of emissions trading, industry and eco-mode extends further problems.The full text summary of the main innovations are: First, the research perspective and the field of innovation. Industrial ecology in the perspective of the new model to study the industry and research, make up the concept of domestic areas (provinces) on the ecological models of the lack of systematic research. Secondly, the innovative concepts and models. The creation of the characteristic resources , characteristic resources industrialization, characteristic resources industrialization model of the concept series, the creation of ecological model of resources industries of the less-developed areas. Third, the relative measure of the ecological surplus, a quota of emission rights and emission reduction measure series model measure innovation.更多还原