【作者】 张云峰；

【导师】 刘扬； 孙建刚；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 油气储运工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 储罐是油品和各种液体化学品的储存设备,是石油化工装置和储运系统设施的重要组成部分。由于其一般存贮易燃、易爆、有毒介质,一旦发生地震灾害,其后果十分严重,同时容易产生火灾和环境污染等次生灾害,给人类的生存和生态环境造成严重的影响,给生产和国民经济造成严重的损失。基础隔震能有效地保护储罐罐体免遭地震破坏,保护人类的生命与财产安全。在诸多的隔震方式中,滑移隔震具有技术简单易行、隔震效果好、隔震层滑动之后不影响其竖向承载力、造价较低及滑移位移控制困难等特点;而橡胶支座隔震结构具有足够柔的水平刚度,水平向刚度受垂直荷载影响较小,有较好的回复能力,造价较高等特点。本文考虑把叠层橡胶支座和摩擦滑移支座组合在一起使用,组成新的并联隔震体系,通过合理的参数搭配,使两种型式的隔震支座相互取长补短,有效降低了隔震结构的造价,而且能优化隔震效果。针对所提出的并联隔震体系,具体研究了以下几个方面的内容:(1)合理设计了并联基础隔震系统的具体构造,利用圈梁结构将基础设计成具有滑移和隔震支撑并联的结构体系,支撑由上下垫板构成,垫板与圈梁无约束,垫板可以起到调整储罐中心点沉降和不均匀沉降的作用。(2)建立了并联基础隔震储罐的简化分析力学模型。(3)依据简化分析力学模型,建立了并联基础隔震储罐动响应简化分析的运动方程,并给出了求解动响应的时程分析理论方法。(4)对储罐并联基础隔震结构体系进行了水平隔震地震响应分析,采用时程分析方法,针对系列浮顶立式储罐,对储罐并联基础隔震结构体系隔震效果进行了全面分析,研究了不同地震波、不同场地、不同地震烈度、不同摩擦系数、不同并联滑移隔震支座负担的结构总重量比、不同高径比,不同隔震周期及等效阻尼比对上部储罐地震响应的影响。分析结果表明,当并联滑移隔震支座负担的结构总重量比增加、摩擦系数增大,隔震效果减弱。但地震波种类、场地类别、地震烈度、隔震周期等因素对减震效果及规律有相应的影响。(5)对储罐并联基础隔震结构体系的隔震试验研究,根据相似原理建立了试验模型,通过水平静推力的输入,测试隔震立式浮放储罐的隔震层顶部的滑移位移和罐壁结构下壁板应力及起滑剪力。对试验模型进行了有限元分析。验证了并联隔震储罐体系的减震效果。通过对本文研究内容的总结,得出了本论文的研究成果,提出了与本文研究工作密切相关的尚需进一步研究的工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 The liquid storage tank is the storage equipment of the petroleum and all kinds of liquid chemistry, and it is one of the important components of petrochemical industry installments and the preserving and transporting system facilities. Because most flammable, poisonous and exploded-prone mediums are deposited in this type of container mostly, once the earthquake occurs, the consequence is very serious, and even much worse second disaster, such as fire, pollution, etc. could be caused, which can lead to the severe destruction of our survival environment and huge loss of national economy and production.Base isolation can effectively avoid the damage of the storage tank from the earthquake, protecting the human life and property. Among all the ways of base isolations, the sliding isolation has characteristics with simple, effective isolation, no affecting its vertical load capacity after the isolation layer sliding, lower cost and the difficulties in controlling sliding displacement and so on.The rubber isolation bearing, however, has some features which have enough supple horizontal stiffness, little influence of the vertical load on the horizontal stiffness, better response ability, and higher cost. In this paper, a new parallel isolation system which is composed of the laminated rubber bearings and sliding friction bearings is researched. With reasonable parameter matching, parallel isolation system can effectively bring into play the advantages of the two former ones, reducing the cost and optimizing the effect of isolation. Aimed at the parallel isolation system, the concrete research mainly includes the following parts:Part1: The specific structure of parallel base isolation system is designed reasonably. The base is designed to be a parallel structure system with sliding isolation and isolation supporting by using the ring beam structure. The supporting is made up of the upper and lower plate which is no restriction with ring beam. The plate can adjust central point settlement and the uneven settlement of tanks.Part2: Simplified analysis mechanical model of liquid tank parallel base isolation structure is established.Part3: The simplified analysis motion equations of the parallel base isolation tanks dynamic response are established according to the simplified analysis mechanical model. And the time-history analysis theory and methods which can solve the dynamic response are given out.Part4: The horizontal isolation earthquake response analysis of the tank parallel base isolation structure system is carried out. Aimed at series of floating roof vertical tanks, the isolation effectiveness of the tank parallel base isolation structure system is analyzed comprehensively by adopting time-history analysis method. The impact of various parameters on the earthquake response of the upper storage tank is studied, including different earthquake waves, different site, different seismic intensity, different friction coefficient, different weight ratio of parallel sliding isolation bearing burden the structure total weight, different ratio of height to diameter, different isolation period and the equivalent damping ratio and so on. The results show that, with both weight ratio of parallel sliding isolation bearing burden the structure total weight and the friction coefficient increasing, the isolation effectiveness doesn’t work well. However, the types of earthquake waves, the types of sites, seismic intensity, the isolation period and other factors have corresponding effect on the isolation effectiveness and rule.Part5: The base-isolation experiment of the tank parallel base isolation structure system is made. The experiment model is established based on similar principle. Sliding displacement of isolation top layer of the vertical floating tank with isolation, and the lower wall stress of the tank and beginning sliding shear stress are measured through inputting horizontal static thrust force. Then, the test model is analyzed by adopting finite element method. Parallel isolation tank system damping effect is verified.Systematically summarizing the results of research in this paper, research achievements are reached, and the further research in depth content closely relating to the study of this paper is proposed.更多还原