【作者】 吴秀梅；

【导师】 诸葛铠；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 设计艺术学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 陶瓷文化是我们中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,多姿多彩的瓷器堪称我国的“第五大发明”。景德镇,作为中国瓷都,其制瓷业在中国陶瓷史上举足轻重。景德镇瓷器以吸纳百川的气魄和集大成者的英姿,当之无愧地成为中国陶瓷最杰出的代表,并对世界和人类文明产生了深刻影响。当前,保护好、传承好、开发好以制瓷技艺为代表的各种非物质文化遗产,对弘扬中华传统文化,保持世界文化的多样性,提高我国的文化软实力,增强中华民族的凝聚力等都有着十分重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。综观中国陶瓷发展史,与辉煌的清代瓷器相比,民国瓷器虽然逊色很多,但由于其处于社会转型时期,特殊的社会环境使得此时的瓷器特点鲜明、独具风格。一方面,由于当时政治腐败,外族入侵和洋货的冲击,景德镇瓷器生产面临着严峻的考验。有识之士纷纷开办瓷业公司,引进了机械制瓷,使瓷器制作逐渐向现代制瓷工艺发展。可以说,这一时期堪称我国陶瓷生产企业化发展的时代;另一方面,随着机械制瓷的逐步推广,传统制瓷技艺遭受了严重的冲击、面临着失传的危险、陷入了发展困境。同时,由于人们思想观念、生活方式的变化,传统的瓷器已满足不了人们的审美情趣和现代化的生活需求,这也使得民国时期瓷器必须在品种、绘画及色釉装饰等方面不断创新而实现自身发展。总的来说,通过考察民国景德镇瓷业的发展概况,我们发现,民国瓷器并不像有些人谈论的那样认为在整个陶瓷史中是倒退的、落后的。应该说,它是一种转型,是一种从传统向创新的发展,且在近现代陶瓷史中起着承前启后的作用,也是中国瓷器从古典走向现代的一个出发点。本文试图以民国时期景德镇制瓷业发展状况为视角,探讨该时期景德镇手工制瓷技艺的整体状况及成就。通过综合分析景德镇制瓷业的经济、教育、制瓷工匠社会生活的变化,以及他们对景德镇制瓷技艺的传承与发展,制瓷工艺及瓷器装饰的变化等,梳理出民国时期景德镇制瓷业发展与创新的历史脉络,挖掘出民国时期景德镇制瓷业的历史意蕴及其现实启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The porcelain is an important component of our Chinese great traditional culture. The colorful porcelain is considered as“the Fifth Great Inventions of ancient China”. As the Ceramics Capital Of China, Jingdezhen plays an important role in the history of China’s pottery. The Jingdezhen porcelain shows the great compatibility and affnity in multiculture,and becomes China Ceramics most outstanding representative deservingly,which has exerted a profound influence on the world and human civilization.nowadays,we should protect, inherit, and develop the non-material cultural heritage represented by the porcelain making craft, which has the very significant practical significance and the profound historic importance in terms of carrying forward China’s traditional culture, of maintaining the multiculture in the world,of enhancing the soft strength of our culture, of strengthening the national cohesion of Chinese, etc.Throughout the China Ceramics history, the porcelain during the period of the Republic of China is in the shade while highly characteristic, and has special styles,compares with the magnificent Qing Dynasty porcelain,for it is in the social reforming time and the special social environment. One hand, as a result at that time the political corruption, families’invasion and the imported goods impact, the Jingdezhen porcelain faced severe challenges. The people of vision set up the porcelain industry company One after another, has introduced the mechanical system porcelain, causes the chinaware manufacture gradually to the modern system porcelain craft. As it were, this time may be called the development time as our country ceramics production commercialization; On the other hand,with the mechanical system porcelain’s gradual promotion,the conditional porcelain technique suffered the serious impact, was in danger of disappearing, got into trouble. At the same time, because of the people ideological concept and life style’s change, the traditional porcelain could not satisfy people’s esthetic appeal and the modernized life demand, which also caused the porcelain during the Republic of China time to innovate unceasingly and realize its development in variety, drawing and colored glaze decoration and so on.Generally speaking, through inspects the Republic of China Jingdezhen porcelain industry the development survey, we discovered that the Republic of China porcelain was thouht nothing but retrogression and backwardness in the entire ceramic history.In fact, it is one kind of reforming, is one kind from the tradition to the innovation development, plays a decisive role in its breaking new ground during the history of mordern Chinese ceramic, is also a starting point from tradition toward modernization. This article tries to discusse the overall condition and the achievement of Jingdezhen manual porcelain making craft, taking the Republic of China time Jingdezhen porcelain making industry development condition as the angle of view. through the generalized analysis on the change of Jingdezhen porcelain making industry in economy, the education, the porcelain craftsmen life, as well as the inheritance and the development of craftsmen,the change of the porcelain craft and the chinaware decoration and so on, this article tries to systemize the historical context of Jingdezhen porcelain making industry’s development and innovation,and explores its historical significance and showes the important realistic enlightenment during the period of the Republic of China.更多还原