【作者】 李喆；

【导师】 王国平；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 作为在近代产生的新的教育形式,职业教育为世界各国的社会进步和经济发展做出了显著贡献。在近代中国,职业教育也成为少有的可以与世界同步发展的先进教育形式。江苏省凭借着思想、经济、政治和文化等方面的因素,成为全国职业教育发展的优势地区。江苏各省立职业学校作为职业教育具体实施的代表性机构,在发展过程中体现出了独特的发展趋势,为研究近代职业学校的兴办历程呈现出清晰的发展脉络,对当今职业教育的发展也提供了可资借鉴的经验。近代江苏省立职业学校的发展是各种因素共同作用的结果。由于中国近代职业教育思想是在西方强压下应激而生的,加之与西方各个时期教育思潮的不断融合,因此表现出起伏不定的态势。与之相应,职业学校的发展过程也呈现出此种起伏性。一方面,江苏地区的传统经济优势和近代经济的发展需求,为职业学校的发展提供了内在动能,同时也在一定程度上决定了各省立职业学校的发展布局。另一方面,与思想和经济发展相伴随的近代中国教育制度的成熟,直接为职业学校的发展提供了制度保障,将职业学校的发展始终维持在走向成熟的道路上。正是基于多种发展动因的共同作用,近代江苏省立职业学校的发展,可以分为初创、转型和成熟三个发展阶段,每个阶段各具特色。近代江苏省立职业学校在发展过程中,内部各构成要素呈现出以培养学生职业能力为重点的发展趋势,并通过不同的形式表现出来。在职业学校的管理方面,不仅教育主管人员和机关将管理重心逐渐向教育与实践的结合方面转移,而且学校内部也将职业技术的推广作为学校工作的新中心,并将学校办学经费向实践方面不断增加。在学校的教学工作中,各职业学校通过结合实际的专业设置、以实践课程为中心的课程编排和以“能力本位”为基点的实习规划,将提高学生的职业能力确立为学校各项工作的核心。在对职业学校教师和学生状况进行分析时,也会发现教师的构成正在逐步适应职业教育的办学特色,与此同时学生的培养效果也由于目标的明确,呈现出不断进步的趋势。近代江苏省立职业学校通过内外各种因素的共同努力,逐步发展成为一种相对成熟的职业教育办学模式,在江苏省教育体系内和全国职业教育发展历程中都取得了较高地位,在江苏省社会和经济发展中发挥了显著作用。同时,此种逐渐成熟的发展模式,也为今天的职业教育发展提供了可资借鉴的经验,让人们在教育观念的转变、教育体系的建设和职业学校的办学方式上得到了诸多启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of new educational form in present time, vocational education contributes greatly to the social and economic development of the world. In recent China, vocational education becomes a kind of rarely advanced educational form which can keep pace with the world development. While rely on its ideological, economic, political and cultural factors, JiangSu province became an advanced area of vocational education in China. And as the representative organization of the vocational education, these provincial vocation schools show special developmental tendency which helps us to get a clear developmental process of the establishment of the modern vocational schools, and also give us some experiences that can be used for reference for the development of the present vocational education.The development of the modern vocational school in JiangSu is not so smooth because of the various social factors. The recent vocational education ideology in China was come out under the western pressure. Together with the western educational trends of thoughts, it showed a kind of uncertain developmental condition, so that the development of the vocational school also showed such kind of tendency. The traditional economic advantage and the recent economic development provided inner motive for the development of the vocational school, and meantime it also formed the developmental pattern of these vocational school. The mature of the recent educational system , which accompanied by the development of the ideology and economy, provided systemic basis for the vocational school directly. And it pushed the development of the vocational education toward the way of mature. Based on the various developmental motives, the recent development of vocational school in JiangSu can be divided into three periods, beginning period, transformation period and mature period, which hold their own characteristics in each period.During the process of the development of thess provincial vocational schools in Jiangsu, their inner factors showed a developmental tendency that they put the cultivation of the students’ vocational ability on the key point, and fulfilled it through various forms. As to the management of the vocational school, not only the educational managers and offices transformed their managing center to education and practice, but also the schools themselves made the vocational skill department the new center of their work, and also increased the funding in students’ actual practice. At the teaching area of these schools, through the combination of the major setting-pattern, the arrangement of the courses and the plan for practice based on "ability first", they made the work of increase the students’ vocational ability the key job of the school. While doing research about the conditions of the teachers and students of these schools, it was found that the formation of the teacher’s group was tend to fit the character of the vocational education, and the effects of the education on students was tend to become good own to the definitude of the goals.Own to the effects of both the inner and outer factors, the recent provincial vocational school in JiangSu has become a kind of relatively mature educational model. It established its position both in the JiangSu educational system and the country’s vocational education, and contributed a lot to the social and economic development of JiangSu. This gradually mature pattern also provides some useful experiences for the vocational education nowadays, for it gives much inspiration on the transformation of people’s attitude on education, on the establishment of the education system, and on the managing pattern of the vocational school.更多还原