【作者】 陆小成；

【导师】 罗新星；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 产业集群演化现象引起了社会各界的广泛关注,由于我国产业集群的研究时间还比较短,其概念、发展模式和演化机理还不够明确,实践中存在一些问题值得深入研究。我国较多的产业集群发展采取的是资源—产品—废物的单向线性发展的传统工业演化范式,忽视了集群内部各企业之间的有机联系和共生关系,致使资源枯竭和环境恶化,集群内企业产品同质化严重,集群创新不够,引发生态位重叠与恶性竞争问题。基于此,本文以生态位理论为分析工具,创造性地构建了产业集群协同演化的生态位整合模式,深入探讨了产业集群协同演化的生态位问题及其解决路径。本文研究内容与创新点主要表现为:首先,选择生态位为分析视角,剖析了产业集群演化的生态学特征及其生态位问题。对产业集群协同演化与生物演化进行比较研究,阐述了产业集群协同演化的生命周期现象和基于Lotka-Volterra模型的集群企业捕食竞争关系,进而对产业集群生态位宽度、重叠、分离等结构模型进行分析,探讨了长株潭地区产业集群协同演化的生态位重叠、弱化、缺失等问题及其内在成因。其次,针对集群演化中存在的生态位问题,尝试性提出了产业集群的生态位整合概念。所谓生态位整合,是指通过集群企业之间的互利合作与资源整合,通过需求、资源、技术、制度等生态位因子的整合与扩展,实现集群内企业实际生态位的扩展与更新,实现产业集群的协同演化与可持续发展。以需求、资源、技术和制度等为产业集群生态位整合的序参量分析,阐述了产业集群生态位整合的共生性、协同性、创新性等运行机理。通过分析产业集群生态位整合序参量之间的内在关联,以突变理论为分析工具,构建了产业集群生态位整合因子突变模型,并以中国六大工程机械制造业集群中的7家龙头企业作为评价对象,采用突变级数法对其生态位整合绩效进行评价和比较。最后,以长株潭产业集群协同演化为实证分析,从需求、资源、技术、制度等生态位层面提出了产业集群生态位整合的策略选择。需求生态位整合主要是对产品或市场需求生态位因子的整合,突出产业集群及其企业产品的差异化,拓展和开发新的产品市场生态位空间;资源生态位整合需要实施集群生态化策略,主要包括构建生态产业体系、发展生态工业园区、增强资源生态位柔性等;基于RJVs模型分析,产业集群技术生态位整合需要加强集群内企业之间的合作创新,优化合作创新投资环境、构建虚拟合作创新模式等;产业集群制度生态位整合需要加强集群模块化的制度创新,需要强化模块设计与制造的整合、强化集群模块间政府与中介机构的制度整合等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The evolution of industrial clusters is caused widespread concern in the community, because of the reseach time of the China’s industrial clusters is relatively short, and the concept and development model and mechanisms of the evolution are not very clear, in practice there are some problems worthy of in-depth study. The development of many industrial clusters in China is wasted the resources with the one-way linear development model of the traditional industrial evolution, and overlooked the clusters within the organic link between enterprises and symbiotic relationship, resulting in resource depletion and environmental deterioration and their products within the same cluster of serious, and not enough of cluster innovations, triggered niche overlap and vicious competition.Based on this, the paper takes the niche theory as the analysis tool, and builts the niche integration model of the co-evolution of the industrial cluster, and researches on the niche problems and the solution pathes of the co-evolution of industrial clusters.In this paper, the content and its main innovations for the performance of the main points:Firstly, we select the niche analysis perspective, and analyze the ecological characteristics and the niche problems of the evolution of the industrial clusters. From the comparative study on the co-evolution of industrial clusters and the biological evolution, it is described the life cycle of the co-evolution of the industry clusters and based on Lotka-Volterra model of cluster predatory competition between enterprises as well as on the width of niche industrial clusters, overlapping, separation, and other structural model, and we analyze the niche overlap, weakening, and inherent deficiencies, and other causes of the problems of the evolution of the industry cluster in the City-group of Changsha-Zhuzhou-XiangtanSecondly, based on the niche problems in the evolution of clusters, we attempt to put forward the concept of the niche integration of the industrial clusters.The so-called Niche Integration, refers to the mutually beneficial cooperation between enterprises and resource integration, the actual realization of cluster enterprises niche expansion and updating, through demand, resources, technology, systems integration niche factors with the expansion of industrial clusters of co-evolution and sustainable development. Demand, resources, technology and systems of industrial clusters are the niche integration of important sequence parameters. Based on the analysis of the order parameters the co-evolution of industrial clusters, we study on the operating mechanisms as the symbiotic, coordination, creativity.Through the analysis of the order parameters of the niche integration of industrial clusters between the intrinsic link to the theory of mutation analysis tools, it is the construction of the mutation model of the niche integration of the industrial clusters, and we choose seven leading enterprises from six of the construction machinery manufacturing clusters in China as the evaluation targets, and have the evaluation and comparison of the niche integration of performance by a series of mutations.At last, by the industrial clusters co-evolution of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan for empirical analysis of the demand, resources, technology, institution-level niche, we explore the strategical choices of the niche integration of the industrial clusters. The demand niche integration is mainly of a product or niche-market demand integration, which is the prominent differentiations of the product of the industrial clusters and enterprises, and is expanded and developed new market spaces; The resource niche integration need to implement the ecological strategy of clusters, including building ecological industrial system, the development of eco-industrial parks, and enhancing the flexibility of the resource niche; Based on the analysis of RJVs Model, the technological niche integration of industrial clusters need to strengthen the cluster innovation cooperation between enterprises, optimizing cooperative innovation investment environment, and building virtual collaborative innovation model; The institutional innovation of the industrial clusters modular requires to enhance the integration of the design and manufacture of cluster modular, and to enhance the integration of the partnership of cluster modular and the institutional integration of the government and the intermediary institutions of cluster modular.更多还原