【作者】 刘希灵；

【导师】 李夕兵；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 我国金属矿山安全事故频发,由于地压导致的空区特大事故严重危害矿山生产。尤其是一些露天开采矿山,由于历史原因,在矿山现有露天开采境界内,存在大量以往常规开采留下的空区和无规则的民采空区,严重威胁着露天开采作业人员和设备的安全。此外,一些地面建筑物如高速公路下覆空区也是这些地面建筑极大的隐患。因此,准确探测空区三维形状以直观指导空区评判和处理意义重大;如何根据探测所得模型准确的了解这些下覆空区的应力分布状况及稳定性,是保证矿山安全生产和地面人员设备安全的必要手段;同时,在此基础上如何实时、准确的监控空区以预防事故发生也是矿山安全生产所必需的。鉴于此,本文主要研究内容如下:运用先进的激光探测系统,对露天开采境界内下覆不明空区进行激光三维探测,给出空区三维模型和详细的信息,为矿山安全开采提供可靠的信息。基于所测三维数据对露天开采境界下覆空区的稳定性进行分析。把激光探测所得空区的三维模型导入SURPAC建立空区块体模型,研究SURPAC和数值模拟软件FLAC^3D的数据转换方法,编制相应的程序将SURPAC中空区三维块体模型嵌入FLAC^3D,以取代以往数值模拟建模所用的虚拟模型进行数值计算,以此来了解露天开采境界下覆空区更真实的地压分布和稳定性状况。通过对岩石在动载下的声发射特性进行实验研究,得到岩石在动载下的声发射规律;与静载下岩石声发射特性进行比较分析,总结动载下岩石的声发射特性,为合理解释爆破、冲击等动载作用下声发射监测数据提供理论支持,由此为频繁爆破和大型机械作业的露天开采境界下覆空区稳定性声发射监控提出指导性的意见。以空区三维精确探测、稳定性分析、岩石动载下声发射实验为基础,研究以声发射监测为主,其他监测手段为辅的监测系统在开采境界下有空区的露天矿山安全预警中的实施方案,并对现场监测数据进行科学、合理的分析,保障矿山安全生产。更多还原

【Abstract】 Safety accidents occurred constantly in China metal mines, and the mine production is severely endangered by cavity heavy accidents caused by underground pressure. Especially in some open-pit, large amount of cavities left by conventional underground mining or various unconventional exploitation exit under open-pit limit due to historical reasons, severely threatened the safety of personnel and equipment above. Furthermore, cavities under ground building such as highway are also the great hidden trouble. Thereby, accurate 3D detection is vital for cavity evaluation and disposal; the way to investigate the stress distribution and stability status of those underground cavities based on detected result is the necessary means to guarantee ground personnel and equipment safety; at the same time, real-time and accurate cavity monitoring on the basis of detection and stability analysis for accident prevention is also essential for mine safe production. In the view of this, the main researches in this paper are as follows:a) Laser 3D detection was carried out for the cavities under open-pit limit by using advanced laser detection system which can present cavity 3D model and detailed information.b) The stability of cavity under open-pit limit was analyzed based on the laser detected data. 3D model detected by laser system was imported into SURPAC to construct cavity block model, the transformation mode between SURPAC and FLAC^3D was studied, and the cavity 3D block model was imported into FLAC^3D through composed corresponding program. By this way, the assumed model used by prevenient numerical analysis can be substituted by detected true 3D model to investigate more accurate ground stress distribution and stability status of cavity under open-pit limit.c) The law of rock acoustic emission under dynamic loading was obtained based on experimental study of rock acoustic emission under dynamic loading; the characteristics of rock acoustic emission under dynamic loading were summarized comparing with the ones under static loading. These may provide theoretical support to reasonably interpret rock acoustic emission data inspected under dynamic loading such as blasting and impact etc., and also may propose instructive suggestions for acoustic emission monitoring of cavity under open-pit limit where frequent blasting and large working machines exist.d) The implement scheme of monitoring system which taking acoustic emission monitoring as the primary means assisting by other monitoring methods in the open-pit with cavities under open-pit limit was studied on the basis of cavity 3D accurate detection, stability analysis and acoustic emission experiments of rock under dynamic loading. Scientific and reasonable analysis was carried out for on-site monitoring data to ensure mine safe production.更多还原